Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how consumers’ reactions lead to anti-consumption (AC) behavior and provide some important clues for the practitioners in the Turkish food industry. The reactions are based on consumer complaining behavior in the Turkish food industry. Design/methodology/approach In total, 16 brands from the food industry with the highest complaint rates were selected as cases of the study. The consumer complaints from these brands were analyzed through a qualitative content analysis. In this analysis, four categories which are beverage group, food preparation group, junk food group, and delicatessen group were observed as the top complained sectors. Findings The authors made up five semantic categories and one emoticon category which are AC/boycott tendency discourse, bad hygiene, bad servicescape, deceptive advertisement and defective products based on consumer complaints and disappointed, astonished, devil, pouting, confounded, angel. The results imply that especially unfamiliar objects in food products, unconcerned customer services, deceptive campaigns and spoiled products make consumers exhibit AC behavior. In addition, consumers coded with emoticons as pouting, devil and disappointed are more inclined than others to stop purchasing, respectively. Research limitations/implications Due to the qualitative nature of the study, the authors do not make a generalization for the field. AC behavior, deceptive campaign, spoiled products, brand lose confidence and children sensitivity can be investigated with a quantitative study. And a new scale for this field can be developed. Through this scale development, researchers can reach new dimensions and expand the literature about the AC behaviors. Practical implications An important implication which the authors got from the cases of the study is Hygiene. Although all cases have hygiene standards such as hazard analysis and critical control point, International Organization for Standardization (ISO 9001), etc., BH and spoiled products codes have high ranks among the cases. Due to this reason, companies should pay attention to their hygiene standards and increase the control period of the production process. Through the empowerment of the hygiene standards, they can fix their bad image on the customers and increase their dependability among the consumers. Social implications In the context of this case study, customer service emerges as an important problem and concept. Insufficient customer service infrastructure should be developed and their institutionalization processes should be empowered by the firms. The authors believe that the deficiency of the institutionalization plays an important role on these problems. And the institutionalization level on the field among the cases of the firms particularly should be investigated by the researchers. Furthermore, companies can increase their complaint management efficiency by joining new complaint websites. Through this manner, they can learn how to deal with different problems and increase their problem-solving skills. Originality/value This study provides a comprehensive insight into consumers’ AC behavior. It reveals detailed drivers which may lead to AC behavior and contributes to the existing literature by determining the possible antecedents of AC behavior.

Amaç -Bu araştırmada, tüketicilerin, işletmeler tarafından uygulanan çeşitli fiyatlandırma politikalarına yönelik düşüncelerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, etik dışı fiyatlandırma yöntemlerinden raf ve kasa fiyatı uyumsuzluğu, fahiş fiyatlandırma, indirimli fiyatlandırma, fiyat reklamları, küsuratlı fiyatlandırma ve fiyat farklılaştırma uygulamaları incelenmiştir.Yöntem -Bu araştırmada nitel ve nicel yöntem bir arada kullanılmıştır. Nitel bağlamda, ilgili etik dışı fiyatlandırma uygulamalarını kapsayacak şekilde 6 adet senaryo oluşturulmuş; cevaplayıcıların bu senaryolara ilişkin düşünceleri elde edilmeye çalışılmış ve elde edilen düşüncelerin analizinde kodlama yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Nicel bağlamda, veri toplama aracı olarak anketten faydalanıldığı gibi tüketici hakları bilincini ölçmeye yönelik sorulardan da yararlanılmıştır. Anket formu, Mayıs 2019'da uygulanmış; toplanan 548 anketten 529 tanesi analize uygun bulunmuştur.Bulgular -Elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde, tüketicilerin ilgili fiyatlandırma yaklaşımlarını etik dışı bulduğu, aldatıcı/kandırıcı nitelik taşıdığı, işletmelere karşı olumsuz tutum beslemelerine ve bağlılıklarının azalmasına neden olduğu görülmektedir. Tüketiciler etik dışı fiyatlandırma uygulamalarına maruz kaldıklarında, tepki gösterme ve şikayet etme eğiliminde oldukları görülmekle birlikte, bunu daha çok geleneksel yöntemlerle çözme arayışına gitmektedir. Şikayet etme noktasında, hukuki kanalların ne olduğunu ve bu kanalların nasıl kullanılacağına ilişkin tüketici bilinci ise oldukça düşük çıkmıştır.Tartışma -Tüketiciler, etik dışı fiyatlandırma yaklaşımları karşısında genel anlamda kandırıldıklarını ve aldatıldıklarını düşünmektedirler. Ortaya çıkan bu olumsuz algılar ise firmalara karşı olumsuz tutum beslemeye, günümüz rekabetçi piyasa koşullarında bir hayli önemli olan müşterilerin elde tutulmasını gözden kaçırmaya ve potansiyel müşterilere ise hiç ulaşamamaya neden olmaktadır. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article Classification: Research ArticlePurpose -The aim of this research is to reveal the opinions of consumers towards various pricing policies that performed by companies. Accordingly, unethical pricing practices which are shelf and cash register price mismatch, excessive pricing, discounted pricing, bait and switch pricing, oddending pricing and price differentiation were examined.Design/methodology/approach -Qualitative and quantitative methods were used together in this research. In the qualitative context, 6 scenarios were generated to cover the relevant unethical pricing practices; the respondents' thoughts about these scenarios were tried to be obtained and coding method was used in the analysis of the obtained thoughts. In the quantitative context, a questionnaire was structured and used as a data collection tool. Additionally, some questions were utilized as well to measure the awareness of consumers about their rights in such cases. The questionnaire was performed in May 2019; 529 of 548 questionnaires were found to be suitable for analysis.Findin...

Abstract-In this study it's aimed to determine the effects of user comments to build trust in virtual environments. 350 people existing of students and employees were selected from Sakarya University. The data gained from the sample size, analyzed with factor analysis, t-test and analysis of variance (anova). When the results obtained from analysis evaluated, the conclusion that user comments decrease the uncertainty and affect trust perception has been reached.

The increasing popularity of social networking sites (SNS) in recent years paved the way for the emergence of social commerce. As a subset of e-commerce, s-commerce establishes the communication between companies and consumers through SNS and allows online shopping. However, online shopping through s-commerce varies substantially between different regions. The differences observed in consumer behaviour stem from the different cultural background every society has. This study analyses the effects of Hofstede's cultural dimensions; uncertainty avoidance (UAI), power distance (PDI) and indulgence (ING), on s-commerce expenditure. With this purpose, the total amount of online expenditure for 53 countries chosen from different regions, their total number of internet and Facebook users, and data related to their cultural dimensions have been collected. In an effort to better understand the current state of s-commerce, annual average expenditure of per Facebook user in each country has been calculated through total online expenditure. Correlation and regression analysis have also been performed together with cultural dimensions. Following these findings, it has been concluded while UAI and PDI reduce s-commerce expenditure, ING increases it. Consequently, the findings demonstrate while consumer willingness to do online shopping decreases in the context of uncertainty and risk; increases when safety is provided.

Edinilen bulgular doğrultusunda hediye satın alma davranışı ölçeği menfaat sağlama, özel durum karşılama, teşekkür ve telafi etme ile sevgi gösterme olmak üzere 4 boyuta indirgenmiştir. Boyutlar doğrultusunda revize edilen araştırma sorusu ise B tipi kişiliklerle kıyaslandığında A tipi kişiliğe sahip tüketicilerin özel durum karşılama ile teşekkür ve telafi etme amacıyla hediye satın almaya daha yatkın olduğu şeklinde yanıtlanmıştır.