The need to manually specify temporal properties of software systems is a major barrier to wider adoption of software model checking, because the specification of software temporal properties is a difficult, time-consuming, and error-prone process. To address this problem, we propose to automatically extract software library usage patterns, which are one type of temporal specifications. Our approach uses a model checker to check a set of software library usage pattern candidates against existing programs using that library, and identifies valid patterns based on model checking results. These valid patterns can help programmers learn about common software library usage. They can also be used to check new programs using the same library. We applied our approach to C programs using the OpenSSL library and the C standard library, and extracted valid usage patterns using BLAST. We also successfully used the extracted valid usage patterns to detect an error in an open source project hosted by SourceForge.net.

In this paper, we propose an integrated micro-optical light guide plate (MOLGP), of which the top surface is designed as aspheric semi-cylindrical micro-concentrator structure (ASCMCS) arrays and the bottom surface is fused with micro-prism arrays coated with a high-reflective film. And we also present the optimized structural parameters and distribution pattern of the MOLGP. By the simulation of the professional optical software Lighttools, it's verified that the integrated MOLGP we proposed can achieve the functions of five complex-structure films in current typical backlight module (BLM), and the Five Parameters (light energy utilization efficiency, average illuminance and luminance, uniformity of illuminance and uniformity of luminance) in the BLM with integrated MOLGP are respectively 1.49, 1.40, 1.07, 0.91 and 0.97 times than those in the typical BLM. Obviously, the performance parameters of the MOLGP exceed the traditional design. Moreover, we design two sets of four-step masks of the ASCMCS by the graphical user interface (GUI). At last, we fabricate a 1.8 inch integrated MOLGP sample. Comparative experiments show that the Five Parameters of the fabricated MOLGP sample are respectively 1.43, 1.43, 0.97, 0.89 and 0.70 times than those of the typical BLM. The experimental results verify the feasibility of the concept of the integrated MOLGP proposed in this paper.

The awareness of others’ activities has been widely recognized as essential in facilitating coordination in a team among Computer-Supported Cooperative Work communities. Several field studies of software developers in large software companies such as Microsoft have shown that coworker and artifact awareness are the most common information needs for software developers; however, they are also two of the seven most frequently unsatisfied information needs. To address this problem, we built a workspace awareness tool named TeamWATCH to visualize developer activities using a 3-D city metaphor. In this paper, we discuss the importance of awareness in software development, review existing workspace awareness tools, present the design and implementation of TeamWATCH, and evaluate how it could help detect and resolve conflicts earlier and better maintain group awareness via a controlled experiment. The experimental results showed that the subjects using TeamWATCH performed significantly better with respect to early conflict detection and resolution.

p62 protein has been implicated in bone metastasis and is a multifunctional adaptor protein usually correlated with autophagy. Herein, we investigated p62 expression and its prognostic significance in bone metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma, and analyzed whether the mechanism involved depends on autophagy. mRNA and protein expression of p62, LC3B and Beclin 1 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively, in fresh bone metastasis tissues (n=6 cases) and normal cancellous bone tissues (n=3 cases). The association between p62 and LC3B expression and patient prognosis was subsequently analyzed in 62 paraffin-embedded bone metastasis specimens by immunohistochemistry assay. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was employed to downregulate p62 expression in SPC-A-1 and A549 cells. Cell proliferation and migration ability were tested by CCK8, CCF and Transwell assays respectively. Autophagy was induced by Rapamycin or inhibited by Atg 7 knockout/Chloroquine in A549 cells and p62 and LC3II/I expression were analyzed. After subcutaneous inoculation or intracardial injection of A549 cells into nude mice, the effect of p62 downregulation in vivo was analyzed by histopathological examination. The results showed that p62, LC3B and Beclin 1 mRNA and protein were all overexpressed in bone metastasis tissues (all P<0.01). Patient samples with high p62 expression levels were significantly associated with more bone lesions (>3), shorter overall survival rates and shorter progression free survival rates compared with patients having lower p62 expression (P=0.014, P=0.003, P=0.048, respectively). Cox regression analysis identified p62 expression as an independent prognostic indicator of overall survival of patients with bone metastasis (P=0.007). In vitro p62 downregulation inhibited SPC-A-1 and A549 cells migration but had no effect on cell proliferation. After autophagy induction or inhibition, p62 expression involved in autophagy flux and changed inconsistently according to the switch of LC3I to LC3II in different autophagy conditions. In vivo p62 downregulation had no effect on growth of subcutaneous tumor. Lung or bone metastasis lesion was not found in all mice model. These findings suggested that p62 overexpression promotes tumor cell invasion out of LC3-dependent autophagy, which could be used a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for bone metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma.

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