ASEAN merupakan organisasi regional yang beranggotakan 10 negara, tujuan dibentuknya ASEAN adalah menjaga stabilitas kawasan serta perdamaian di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Jika terjadi suatu sengketa antara anggota-anggotanya maupun dengan negara di luar anggota ASEAN dihimbau menggunakan jalan damai sesuai dengan yang tertuang dalam TAC 1976. Hal ini untuk memaksimalkan apa yang telah dituangkan di dalam TAC seperti : Saling menghormati kemedekaan, kedaulatan, dan intergritas wilayah semua bangsa; Setiap negara berhak memelihara keberadaanya dari campur tangan, subversi, kekerasan dari kekuatan luar; Tidak mencampuri urusan dalam negara lain; Menyelesaikan perbedaan pendapat dan pertikaian dengan jalan damai; serta Menolak ancaman penggunaan kekerasan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu kepustakaan dimana metode pengumpulan data dari buku, artikel dan bacaan lain sebagai bahasa analisis. Data akan dianalisis secara kualitatif berdasarkan teori kemudian disajikan sistematis secara deskriptif. Kata Kunci : ASEAN, Peran Treaty Of Amity And Cooperation In Southeast Asia 1976 (TAC), Penyelesaian Sengketa Internasional.
The opening of access to education for all citizens is a conditio sine qua non value of freedom and justice. As long as there are citizens who cannot get access to education, even though at the most basic level, the state is the agency most responsible for this injustice. Without the guarantee of these basic needs, citizen participation in a democratic climate that allows for upward social movements to be far from expectations The elimination of discrimination should be done by providing the widest opportunity for every citizen to get an education, so that cheap schools, even free, will be created for all the people without exception. Therefore the government is required to be able to be fair by providing equal opportunities for every citizen to take education (formal) and be able to protect and guarantee the rights of citizens, especially for those who are financially incapable so that they can continue to receive proper education. AbstrakTerbukanya akses pendidikan bagi semua warga negara merupakan conditio sine qua non dihargainya nilai kebebasan dan keadilan. Selama masih ada warga negarayang tidak dapat memperoleh akses pendidikan, meski di tingkat paling dasar, negara merupakan instansi yang paling bertanggung jawab atas ketidakadilan ini. Tanpa dijaminnya kebutuhan dasar ini, partisipasi warga dalam iklim demokrasi yang memungkinkan terjadinya pergerakan sosial ke atas kian jauh dari harapanPenghapusan diskriminasi perlu kiranya dilakukan dengan memberi kesempatan yang seluas-luasnya kepada setiap warga negara untuk mengenyam pendidikan, sehingga sekolah murah, bahkan gratis, akan tercipta bagi segenap rakyatnya tanpa terkecuali. Oleh karenanya pemerintah dituntut untuk bisa berlaku adil dengan memberikan kesempatan yang sama bagi setiap warga negara untuk menempuh pendidikan (formal) dan mampu melindungi serta menjamin hak-hak warga negara terutama bagi mereka yang secara finansial tidak mampu supaya tetap bisa menempuh pendidikan yang layak.Kata kunci : pendidikan, hak asasi manusia, wilayah perbatasan, Indonesia,
The sea potentially fulfills the interests of sea transportation; for example, the transportation of tankers. The Indonesian sea is included in the seas with the dense traffic of tankers causing the risk of oil pollution due to tanker accidents. For example, the three cases of oil contamination caused by tanker accidents occurred in the Cilacap Sea which is the largest oil refinery in Indonesia. This study aimed to find the value of justice for oil pollution losses due to tanker accidents considering that Indonesia has ratified the international convention of the civil liability of oil spill by tanker, Convention on Civil Liability 1969, and its amendment of Convention on Civil Liability 1992, along with its supplementary protocol. The international law principles (polluter pays principle, precautionary principle, and strict liability) for oil tanker losses caused by tankers have been applied to the national legal system. There were still overlapping authorities and the conflicts of authorities among the institutes in the period before 2015 before the establishment of the Coordinating Ministry of Marine Affairs. After the periodization of 2015 with the formation of the Coordinating Ministry of Marine Affairs, it is expected to resolve the loss of oil pollution as a result of tanker accidents using the right method of calculating the loss of natural resources, taking into account the willingness to pay and the willingness to accept between the insurance and victims.
Border governance is a necessity for Indonesia as an archipelagic country bordering maritime and / or land with other countries. Indonesia is located geographically between two continents and two oceans and no less than 17,504 islands. the border region has a very strategic multifunctionality. Politically, border areas provide legal certainty for internal and external sovereignty, both in the context of managing government administration and applying national law and in engaging with other countries. The existence of clarity of this border region will also provide legal certainty for a country for the utilization and management of natural resources contained in its territory for the benefit of the prosperity of the whole community. Border management must also be aimed at the prosperity of the people, especially those living on the border. The development of socio- economic activities to improve the socio-economic well-being of people at the border is very important because it will directly and indirectly strengthen the security aspects at the border. As a "front page & quot; the creation of prosperity at the border will contribute positively to the conditions of security and defense, both regionally and nationally. Keywords: borders, boundary management, economy
China telah menyebabkan konflik dengan negara-negara di ASEAN. Secara sepihak berdasarkan bukti sejarah, pada tahun 2009 Cina telah mengeluarkan peta resmi yang dikenal sebagai Peta Sembilan Garis Putus-putus untuk mengklaim Laut Cina Selatan. Secara sepihak berdasarkan bukti sejarah, pada tahun 2009 Tiongkok telah mengeluarkan peta resmi yang dikenal sebagai Peta Nine Dash Line untuk mengklaim Laut Cina Selatan. Konflik yang melibatkan banyak negara di Laut Cina Selatan belum berakhir atau surut. Klaim China tumpang tindih dengan pihak lain seperti Vietnam, Filipina, Malaysia, dan Brunei. Dalam membela klaimnya, China berusaha untuk mendominasi baik di wilayah sengketa dan dalam negosiasi multilateral. Tiongkok juga terus meningkatkan kekuatan militernya untuk menekan negara-negara lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi masing-masing negara anggota ASEAN terhadap China terkait dengan sengketa di Laut Cina Selatan (SCS) seperti apa akar dari konflik dan urgensi bahkan konsekuensi dalam merumuskan strategi solusinya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam peneitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder studi perpustakaan yang studi ini berasal dari data sekunder.
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