This study aims to increase cardiac functional capacity using a physical exercise programs to patients with heart failure. Research subjects were 50 people divided into five groups. Group 1 was given the treatment of tai chi exercise, group 2 was treated with treadmill training, group 3 was given a treatment of stationary bike workout, group 4 was given a combination treatment of tai chi, treadmill training, stationary bike workout, and group 5 was the control group. The study was conducted for 12 weeks. There was one treatment that had the most significant impact compared to the other treatments, which was combination treatment of tai chi, treadmill training, and stationary bike workout, with a value of p = .000. Based on the results of data analysis, All treatments had a significant impact on cardiac functional capacity of patients with heart failure and the impact of physical exercise combination of tai chi, treadmill training, and stationary bike workout was significantly more optimal in patients with heart failure than treatments without combination of physical exercise as Tai-Chi, treadmills, and stationary bike exercise.

(1) Background: The health behavior (HB) of adolescents develops in the school or family setting and plays an important role in their future health status. Health literacy (HL) has been identified as an important factor in modifying health behavior in addition to socioeconomic factors. health-promoting school (HPS) programs also have a significant role in providing students with the means of learning the importance of knowledge, behavior, and skills for a healthy lifestyle. (2) Method: This study aims to identify the association between HB, HL measured in comprehensive health literacy (CHL) and functional health literacy (FHL), HPS programs, and socioeconomic factors among high school students in Surabaya, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and 1066 students were evaluated as respondents. (3) Result: The results of multivariate analyses showed that following factors were associated with better health behavior: female, better academic performance, higher grade, higher father’s education, lower allowance, and better CHL and FHL. The strongest association for HB was gender. CHL was especially associated with handwashing, physical activity, and drug abuse. FHL was associated with smoking and drug abuse. The implementation of HPS programs did not reach an optimum level and only influenced physical activity. (4) Conclusion: The findings confirm that CHL and FHL have a significant association with several HBs. HB intervention in the HPS program is recommended to incorporate the CHL and FHL for a better health impact.

this study examined the effects of interval and continuous trainings on decrease in the oxidative stress level, increase in the antioxidant enzyme capacity and increase in the resistance of erythrocyte membrane. The research was done randomly in group pretest and post-test design of 40 students in Sport Coaching Education, Sport Science Faculty, and Malang State University who were divided into two groups, that is, interval and continuous training groups. Research subject was taken with Purposive Randomized Sampling. They were trained 3 times a week, for 8 weeks with moderate intensity and 30 minutes for exercise. Data was collected by measurement technique of blood samples, that is, blood plasma MDA level, as indicator of oxidative stress level, blood plasma SOD activity as indicator of antioxidant enzyme capacity and osmotic fragility of erythrocyte as indicator of resistance of erythrocyte membrane. The results of Data analysis by use of MANOVA , with α 0,05, concluded that the interval and continuous trainings decreased the oxidative stress level and increased both the antioxidant enzyme capacity and the resistance of erythrocyte membrane with no significant influence differences between interval and continuous trainings toward dependent variables mentioned above. Keywords--training, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme, resistance of erythrocyte membrane.

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The research aimed at investigating the difference of continuous and interval training toward maximum ⩒O2 increase.The research used randomized group pretest and posttest design. Population of the research were students of Sport Training Education Faculty of Sport Sciences Malang State. Sampling technique by using purposive random samplingwith sampling of 40 persons, divided into two groups with ordinal pairing, that is continuous and interval training groups. The trainings done three times with moderate intensity up to sub maximum and for 8 weeks. The research type was quasi experimental research with quantitative approach. Data collection done by using Multistage Fitness Test to measure maximum VO2 during pretest and posttest. Data analysis technique by using t-test and ANOVA by using α 0,05. The results showed the mean of VO2 max for pretest and posttest for continuous group was 40,89 and 46,18, while at the interval training group was 41,01 and 46,53.[mL.min-1.kg-1], From the t-test and ANOVA can be concluded (1)the continuous training influences significantly toward the⩒O2max increase; (2) the interval training influence significantly toward the ⩒O2max increase.; and (3)there is no significant influence between continuous and interval trainings toward the ⩒O2 max increase.