Avocado peel (Persea americana Mill) and red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) proved to have antidiabetic properties. However, there has been no research on the analysis of antidiabetic activity of the combination of avocado peel and red ginger in functional beverages. This study aims to make functional beverages from the combination of avocado peel and red ginger. Total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, inhibition of the α-amylase activity, and public preferences towards functional beverages (organoleptic) were then evaluated. Functional beverages were made by brewing the powdered avocado peel and red ginger with 200 ml of hot water (96oC) for 5 minutes. The results showed that the increase of avocado peels amount in the combination coukd increase total phenolic content. The high antioxidant capacity was also found in samples with high content of avoccado peels. The results of inhibition of α-amylase enzyme activity did not show any significant differences. Organoleptic test results showed that there were no significant differences in each sample. The combination of avocado peel and red ginger has the potential to be an antidiabetic functional beverage.

ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Loloh sembung (Blumea balsamifera) adalah minuman tradisional masyarakat Bali yang digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit. Perbedaan kematangan daun sembung akan mempengaruhi aktivitas antioksidan loloh sembung. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan loloh sembung yang dibuat dari berbagai jenis kematangan daun sembung yang diekstrak dengan menggunakan pelarut air. Metode: Serbuk daun sembung pada tingkat kematangan yang berbeda (muda, dewasa dan tua) direbus untuk menghasilkan loloh sembung. Analisis kandungan antioksidan meliputi analisis total fenolik, total kandungan fl avonoid dan aktivitas antioksidan ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa daun sembung dengan tingkat kematangan tua menunjukkan kandungan total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan daun dewasa dan muda, yaitu masing-masing sebesar 0,85 ±0,005 GAE/g dan 0,66 ±0,003 mmol Fe 2+ /g sampel. Sedangkan, daun dengan tingkat kematangan dewasa menunjukkan total fl avonoid yang tinggi, yaitu sebesar 0,39±0,006 QE/g. Berdasarkan korelasi Pearson, perbedaan tingkat kematangan daun menunjukkan korelasi positif dengan kandungan total fenolik, total fl avonoid dan aktivitas antioksidan (FRAP). Kesimpulan: Perbedaan tingkat kematangan daun sembung menunjukkan korelasi positif dengan kandungan total fenolik, total fl avonoid dan aktivitas antioksidan (FRAP). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa loloh sembung berpotensi sebagai minuman fungsional yang memanfaatkan kearifan lokal. ABSTRACT Background: A Loloh sembung (Blumea balsamifera) is a traditional herbal drink from Bali and widely used to treat several diseases by Balinese people. Sembung leaf at different maturity stages would affect antioxidant activity of loloh sembung.Objectives: The objective of the research was determined antioxidant activity of loloh sembung prepare from different maturity stages of sembung leaf and extracted using water. Methods: Sembung leaves powder at different maturity stages (young, mature and old) was boiled to produce loloh sembung. The analyses of antioxidant activity of loloh sembung included total phenolic content (TPC), total fl avonoid content (TFC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results: The results showed that old leaves were signifi cantly higher in TPC and FRAP values compare to mature and young leaves, i.e 0.8575±0.005 GAE/g and 0.6625±0.003 mmol Fe 2+ /g sample respectively. However, the mature leaves revealed signifi cantly high TFC, i.e 0.3972±0.006 QE/g. Based on Pearson's correlation coeffi cient, the difference of maturity stage exhibited positive correlation with TPC, TFC and FRAP.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), also recognized as diabetic kidney disease, is a kidney malfunction caused by diabetes mellitus. A possible contributing factor to the onset of DN is hyperglycemia. Poorly regulated hyperglycemia can damage blood vessel clusters in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage. Its treatment is difficult and expensive because its causes are extremely complex and poorly understood. Extracts from medicinal plants can be an alternative treatment for DN. The bioactive content in medicinal plants inhibits the progression of DN. This work explores the renoprotective activity and possible mechanisms of various medicinal plant extracts administered to diabetic animal models. Research articles published from 2011 to 2022 were gathered from several databases including PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect to ensure up-to-date findings. Results showed that medicinal plant extracts ameliorated the progression of DN via the reduction in oxidative stress and suppression of inflammation, advanced glycation end-product formation, cell apoptosis, and tissue injury-related protein expression.

Pengembangan pangan fungsional berbasis tepung okara dan tepung beras hitam (Oryza sativa L. indica) sebagai makanan selingan bagi remaja obesitas Formula I, II, dan III (p>0,05). Formula I (10g tepung okara, 5g tepung beras hitam) terpilih sebagai formulasi yang disukai oleh panelis dengan kandungan energi 125,64 g, kadar air 9,89%, kadar abu 3,13%, protein 19,6%, lemak 12,41%, karbohidrat 45,07%, total gula 16,44%, serat kasar 15,58%, antioksidan 208,35 PENDAHULUANObesitas merupakan suatu keadaan terjadinya penumpukan lemak di dalam tubuh yang berlebih, sehingga menyebabkan berat badan jauh di atas normal dan dapat membahayakan kesehatan. Orang yang mengalami obesitas memiliki risiko yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan orang dengan status gizi normal untuk terserang penyakit yang serius seperti tekanan darah tinggi, serangan jantung, stroke, diabetes, penyakit kandung empedu, dan kanker.