Background/Aims: The reasons for lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores in women compared to men on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are unknown. We investigated whether depression accounts for gender differences in HRQOL. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 868 (40.9% women) Brazilian MHD patients (PROHEMO Study). We used the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form to assess HRQOL and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale (scores from 0–60) to assess depression with scores ≧18 indicating high depression probability. Results: Higher depression scores were associated with lower HRQOL in both sexes. Women had higher depression scores; 51.8% of women versus 38.2% of men (p < 0.001) had CES-D scores ≧18. Women scored lower on all 9 assessed HRQOL scales. The female-to-male differences in HRQOL were slightly reduced with inclusion of Kt/V and comorbidities in regression models. Substantial additional reductions in female-to-male differences in all HRQOL scales were observed after including depression scores in the models, by 50.9% for symptoms/problems related to renal failure, by 71.6% for mental health and by 87.1% for energy/vitality. Conclusions: Lower HRQOL among women was largely explained by depression symptoms. Results support greater emphasis on treating depression to improve HRQOL in MHD patients, particularly women.
INTRODUÇÃOReconhecendo a necessidade de melhorar a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde (QVRS) dos pacientes tratados cronicamente por hemodiálise, o Instituto de Medicina dos Estados Unidos e a National Kidney Foundation, por meio do Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (K/DOQI), recomendam avaliações sistemáticas de escores de QVRS destes pacientes como um dos parâmetros de adequação do tratamento 1 . Além de informar sobre o impacto do tratamento no bem-estar dos pacientes, a avaliação da QVRS ajuda a identificar aqueles com risco maior de eventos adversos [2][3][4][5] . Os resultados de diversos estudos sugerem que, no curso de determinadas doenças, as mulheres são mais afetadas do que os homens na QVRS [6][7][8][9][10] . Os dados do DOPPS, um estudo em pacientes tratados cronicamente por hemodiálise em diversos países, também indicam que as mulheres apresentam menores níveis no aspecto físico de QVRS e maior incômodo devido a sintomas de insuficiência renal do que os homens, independente do efeito de um grande número de co-variáveis 5 . No Brasil, existe carência de estudos especialmente delineados para comparar escores de QVRS entre homens e mulheres tratados cronicamente por hemodiálise, levando em consideração os potenciais efeitos de comorbidades e outras importantes co-variáveis, como idade e COMP
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