This study aims to determine how neopterin, procalcitonin, biochemical and hematological parameters change during treatment of calves with neonatal sepsis. A total of 25 calves divided into two groups. Sepsis group was composed of 15 newborn calves aged 0–10 days which met neonatal sepsis criteria, but did not receive any treatment. Control group included 10 healthy calves aged 0–10 days. Clinical examinations (respiratory rate, rectal temperature, heart rate, capillary refill time, sucking reflex) were performed at certain times before (0th h) and during (12th, 24th, 48th, and 72th h) the treatment. The blood was taken from the jugular vein from the sepsis group before (0th h) and during the treatment (12th, 24th, 48th, and 72nd h) and once from the control group. Procalcitonin pretreatment (0th h) and control group concentrations were found as 178.08 ± 2.4 (pg/mL) and 42.78 ± 1.25 (pg/mL), respectively ( p < 0.001). Neopterin pretreatment (0th h) and control group concentrations were determined as 14.44 ± 0.30 (ng/mL) and 3.63 ± 0.29 (ng/mL), respectively ( p < 0.001). As a result, neopterin and procalcitonin concentration decreased along with the treatment, confirming the presence of sepsis in calves and suggesting that sepsis could be a prognostic indicator. Therefore, both procalcitonin and neopterin can be prognostic and diagnostic in calves with sepsis.

This study aims to determine serum neopterin, procalcitonin, total sialic acid (TSA), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and some haematological indices in calves with aspiration pneumonia (ASP). The patient group consisted of 30 calves of the Simmental breed, 0–28 days old, diagnosed with ASP upon clinical examination, anamnesis, auscultation examination, and radiographic results. The control group consisted of 10 healthy calves, otherwise with the same characteristics. A significant difference was found between calves with ASP and the control group of calves in serum iron (Fe, P < 0.001), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC, P < 0.05), PON1, TSA, procalcitonin, neopterin, and total leukocyte count (WBC) indices as a result of the analyses (P < 0.001). Serum procalcitonin concentration was found to be 285.71 ng/ml in the ASP group and 30.34 ng/ml in the control group. Serum neopterin concentration was found to be 37.68 nmol/l in the ASP group and 15.14 nmol/l in the control group. Serum procalcitonin, neopterin, and TSA concentrations were found to be significantly higher in the ASP group compared to the control group. It was concluded that biomarkers such as serum procalcitonin, neopterin, and TSA are high in calves with ASP, and as a result, these markers provide diagnostically and prognostically important information.

No abstract

Diarrhea, which is one of the most important problems of cattle breeding in the world, is most common in calves in the neonatal period [1]. The neonatal period is used to define the 28 days following birth and is the period in which the most intense diseases and deaths occur in calves. Diseases occurring in calves during this period cause significant economic losses. These economic losses are the cost of treatment, loss of yield, and decrease in potential breeding stock, as well as newborn calf deaths [2][3][4]. It is known that many factors and factors play a role in the etiology of neonatal calf diarrhea. The most important of these are negative environmental factors, maternal reasons, unsuitable care/feeding conditions, and the calf's inability to receive colostrum. In addition, the main parasitic, viral, fungal, and bacterial agents among infectious agents constitute the source of neonatal diarrhea [5][6][7][8].Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the number of antioxidants and reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species in a biological system. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are byproducts of various cellular processes, including aerobic metabolism. For example, nitric oxide (NO•), which is an RNS, is produced from 1-arginine by nitric oxide synthase and then reacts with superoxide (O2•-) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-) [9-12]. These reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS), that is, hydroxyl, superoxide anion, nitric oxide, and nitrosyl anion molecules, are highly reactive due to their unpaired valence electrons [10]. Normally, RONS have involved in cell signaling (redox signaling) pathways, thiol switches, regulation of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, etc. They have important biological roles in many cellular events such as [13].

In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of paratuberculosis the dairy cattle of Ardahan province. 11 focuses randomly selected from the Ardahan center and its districts and a total of 400 cattle blood sera from 22 farms in these centers constituted the study material. In the study, commercial ELISA antibody test kit was used to investigate ''Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis'' (MAP) antibodies in cattle blood serum samples. As a result of the analysis, 17 of 400 animals were positive for MAP and prevalence in Ardahan province and its vicinity was determined as 4.25% (17/400). Paratuberculosis was detected in 9 of 22 farms sampled. This result has been predicted that pTB is subclinical in dairy cattle in Ardahan region and may cause economic losses. Considering that this disease is zoonotic, it can be said that public health may also be affected. Therefore, it will be beneficial to carry out more studies on pTB.