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During the global financial crises, the prominence of corporate governance was realized after the major loopholes identified in corporate policies and conspicuous corporate scandals all over the world. Developed countries have passed several laws such as the “Say on Pay” or the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act” to protect the shareholder's wealth. On the contrary, developing countries are still thriving to gain effective corporate governance recognition. This study examined the moderating effect of intellectual capital on the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance. The current study uses four-year panel data from 2012 to 2015. Linear regression, correlated panels corrected standard errors (PCSEs) are used in the analysis. The findings of the study indicate that the intellectual capital has a significant effect on the relationship between board size, board financial expertise, CEO duality, gender diversity and firm performance (ROA). On the other hand, it does not seem to moderate the relationship between board independence and firm performance (ROA). Similarly, the findings indicate that intellectual capital has a significant relationship between board size, board independence, CEO duality, gender diversity and firm performance (ROE) has no moderating effect on the relationship between board financial expertise and firm performance (ROE). Moreover, the empirical results highlight the significance of intellectual capital for regulations and policy making.

Sektor awam merupakan penyumbang utama kepada kemajuan ekonomi sesebuah negara.Pelbagai tindakan telah diambil oleh kerajaan bagi meningkatkan tahap kualiti dan akauntabiliti di kalangan agensi dan para anggotanya supaya dapat memberi perkhidmatan dengan lebih baik di samping memastikan tahap ketelusan dalam pengurusan kewangannya. Aspek-aspek perakaunan yang berkaitan dengan sektor awam menjadi sesuatu yang amat menarik untuk diterokai, dipelajari dan diamalkan.Buku ini mengandungi sepuluh bab yang berkaitan dengan persekitaran perakaunan sektor awam, struktur kerajaan dan pentadbiran di Malaysia, aspek perundangan, belanjawan, amalan perakaunan, laporan kewangan, pengauditan, dasar persyarikatan dan penswastaan, penilaian prestasi, dan isu-isu dalam perakaunan sektor awam.Kandungan dan format buku ini telah mengambil kira keperluan silibus perakaunan sektor awam di peringkat ijazah pertama di samping memberi contoh-contoh yang relevan dan terkini.

The reliability of information presented in the financial reports of local authorities is of utmost importance to enable the public to measure their performance in terms of efficiency and effectiveness in using public resources. The task to provide such an assurance lies with the Auditor General, who has been entrusted to enforce the auditing compliance regulations. A certificate in the form of “unqualified,” “qualified,” “adverse,” or “disclaimer” accompanied by a report on the financial affairs of the local authorities concerned will be issued after the Auditor General completes the audit of the local authorities’ financial statements. Our study on 14 local authorities comprising municipal and district councils in the Malaysian States of Perlis, Kedah and Penang found that the Qualified Certificate is the common type of audit certificate issued to the local authorities concerned during the period 1997-2001(inclusive of both years). Discrepancies in “Fixed Assets Register” ranked first among the audit incidents that led towards non-compliance to the audit procedures. This was followed by discrepancies in “Other Receivables” and “Cash Flow Statements” which ranked second and third positions respectively. Our finding also shows that size does not grant any advantage to the bigger local authority in reducing the number of audit incidents.