Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to humans through the bite of female mosquitoes of the genus anopheles. In Colombia, it is a public health problem, 85% of the national territory has ideal conditions for the development of the mosquito. Particularly, in the Colombian Pacific Coast there is a high amount of anopheles. For this reason, the department of Nariño is considered one of the areas with most cases of malaria in the country. In this work we formulate a mathematical model that describe growth dynamics of mosquitoes without explicitly considering the interaction with the human. The qualitative analysis reveals the existence of a forward bifurcation. The results suggest that in order to control spread of the mosquito, strategies that alter both its rate of growth and its death rate must be designed.
La malaria es una enfermedad potencialmente mortal causada por parásitos transmitidos a los humanos por la picadura de mosquitos hembra infectados del género anopheles. Analizar el efecto de la movilidad y el hecho de que existen individuos que responden de manera diferente a la enfermedad puede aportar en la planeación de estrategias para evitar la propagación. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior se propone estudiar la dinámica de la malaria considerando que los individuos pertenecen a un grupo determinado y se distribuyen en parcelas disyuntas que están conectadas de algún modo. Para esto, se plantea un modelo multiparche y multigrupo utilizando como base el modelo de Ross-Macdonald, en el cual se incorpora la movilidad desde el enfoque lagrangiano donde todos los individuos pertenecen a un grupo específico pero pasan parte de su tiempo en un número arbitrario de parches. El análisis cualitativo se realiza con base en el número reproductivo básico dando como resultado que la movilidad de las poblaciones de humanos y mosquitos divididas en grupos cambia la dinámica de la enfermedad.
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