Submicron-sized calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles were prepared using an aerosol method in which two commercial air humidifiers containing 0.05 M of Na2CO3 and CaCl2 aqueous solutions were utilized as aerosol suppliers. Two streams of aerosols evaporated from the separate humidifiers were allowed to meet in 17-meter long, spiral reaction tube where collisions between two types of droplets containing precursor reagents leaded to grow of CaCO3 particles and precipitate onto the inner walls. XRD and SEM analysis revealed that CaCO3 particles were formed in calcite phase almost entirely.

Red blood cells of mammals contain both raw carbonaceous material (proteins) and catalyzer precursor (iron atoms of metal-organic hemoglobin molecules) for Carbon nanotube (CNT) fabrication by the chemical vapor deposition method. To demonstrate the possibility of CNT fabrication by using blood as a single raw material, livestock (sheep) blood droplets on silicon substrates were used as samples for pyrolysis in an argon and argon + butane atmosphere at 300; 400; 500; 7000 C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, of the product of pyrolysis at 500; 7000 C, magnified up to 20000 times, shows dense bushes consisting of nano-size rods. The length of the rods reached 50 μm; widths were around 400 nm and less. The two carbon bands centered at wavenumbers 1340 and 1580 cm-1 in the Raman spectra of samples recorded using a low power-incident red laser (638 nm), demonstrates increasing graphitization of carbon atoms with rise of pyrolysis temperature. Both the SEM images and the Raman spectra indicate increasing formation of CNT, with an increase of pyrolysis temperature from 400 to 7000 C. No evidence of CNT formation at 3000 C was found.

Aluminum-supported iron and cobalt (Fe-Co/Al2O3) bimetallic nano-sized catalyst has been synthesized by the sol-gel method. The average diameter of the Fe-Co/Al2O­3 catalyst was measured to be around 7 nm from SEM images. EDX measurements revealed that Fe-Co/Al2O­3 consists of 59.98% of Al, 20.00% of Fe, and 20.02% of Co by atomic weight. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were prepared with as-synthesized nanocatalyst from a commercial butane gas by the CCVD method at different reaction temperatures. TEM and XRD measurements revealed that Fe-Co/Al2O3 bimetallic nano-sized catalyst is beneficial to fabricating MWCNTs by the CCVD method. The highest yield of MWCNTs was obtained at 690°C.

In the present work, the extraction of Mongolian Baganuur coal in solvents as pyridine and ionic liquid with 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) anion was first applied. The as recieved coal, its extracts and insoluble residues were then characterized using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The obtained FTIR spectra have revealed many new features in the field of coal study. An appearance or sharpening of the particular bands after the chemical treatment allow a determination of inactive or weak fundamental vibrations precisely. Some emphasis are as follows, substantial quantitative change, the integrated area decrease of water molecule band at 3260 cm−1 comparing to as received sample and ionic liquid treated extract, can be seen for the extract spectrum in the pyridine treatment. Pyridine react to coal structure particularly in long-wave frequency zone means very susceptible to the oxygen containing functional group. Upon interaction between acidic group of the coal and the basic solvent as pyridine, the inter-fragment hydrogen and ester bonding in the coal structure is breaking, thus increasing the solubility of the individual fragments via producing new components. Towards forming H bond in the short wave zone Cl− anion shows a strong effect on the coal molec-ular structure. A stabilization of hydrogen bonds show well fluidization and a strong intermolecular interaction of the process via its powerful spectral intensity that is followed many new bands and con-siderable strengthening of band spectral integral area in this frequency region. In long-wave vibrational region there are appearances of many new bands, shift in frequency and depletion of the as recieved coal bands. [Bmim]Cl treatment exhibits the highest effect of the disruption on the carboxylic acids dimer.