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Abbreviated form of the title (less than 50 characters): Simulations for a 25 keV electron microbeam in water. [4,5]. Event by event trackstructure codes like PITS are considered superior for microdosimetric applications and they are written for this purpose. PITS tracks electrons in water down to 10 eV. PENELOPE is one of the few, among widely available general purpose codes, that can simulate random electron-photon showers in any material for energies from 100eV to 1GeV.The model for the comparison is a large water cylinder with an internal scoring geometry of spheres with 1µm diameter where the scoring quantities are calculated. The source is a 25 keV electron pencil beam impinging normally on the sphere surface. This work shows only the lineal energy as a function of position and lineal energy spectra at a given location since for microdosimetry and biology applications, and for discussion of radiation quality in general, these answers are more appropriate [6][7][8][9]. The computed PENELOPE results are in agreement with those obtained with the PITS code and previously published in this journal [3]. This paper demonstrates PENELOPE's usefulness at low energies and for small geometries. What is still needed are experimental results to confirm these analyses.

The study research presented hereafter shows a new methodology to reveal traces of Viral particles thanks to their own chemical structure such as phosphate group PO4, a group making up part of the structure of RNA, a type of nucleic acid, such as in a virus, in an open space or a closed ambient (typically an airport hall) detecting sub-atomic particles interactions with the air due to Cosmic Rays, an Outer Space free source. This is constructed with the use of adequate detectors (under development) looking in particular at the peculiar interactions of muons, cosmic rays relativistic particle segment, with the no living matter present as aerosol in the air.

The topic of Nuclear Safety Culture touches several different aspects with contributions from the main organizations involved in nuclear projects and belonging to vendors, utility and regulators. Two nuclear safety directives issued by the European Commission emphasize the fundamental principle of national responsibility for nuclear safety and are implemented in each member country’s legislation. An example of fission implementation is highlighted, referring to the Czech Republic legislation; an example of application in fusion technology is the implementation of the Nuclear Safety Culture in the ITER project, located in Cadarache, in the south of France. The aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of this field, pointing out the cross reference between fission and fusion technology as applied in two countries, with concrete experiences and future prospects for nuclear technologies.

This study presents a new methodology to reveal traces of polyethylene (the most common microplastic particles, known as a structure of C2H4) in a sample of ocean water by the irradiation of a 50 keV, 1 µA electron beam. This is performed by analyzing the photon (produced by the electrons in water) fluxes and spectra (i.e., fluxes as a function of photon energy) with different types of contaminated water using an adequate device and in particular looking at the peculiar interactions of electrons/photons with the potential abnormal atomic hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), carbon (C), and phosphorus (P) compositions present in the water, as a function of living and nonliving organic organisms with PO4 group RNA/DNA strands in a cluster configuration through a volumetric cells grid.