Approaching Nuclear Safety Culture in Fission and Fusion Technology

Lomonaco, Guglielmo; Mainardi, Enrico; Marková, Tereza; Mazzini, Guido

doi:10.3390/app11104511

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the studied group, the functioning of the belief about the negative impact of nuclear power plants on the quality of the natural environment was identified. Such a stance is in contradiction with the studies of other authors who emphasize the high level of safety of nuclear power plants [70,71].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Impact of the Energy Sector on the Quality of the Environment in the Opinion of Energy Consumers from Southeastern Poland

2021

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Limiting CO2 emissions has been adopted as a contemporary challenge and introduced into numerous global and regional policies. The measures taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions largely relate to the decarbonization of the economy. Changes in the Polish energy sector are a huge challenge because the energy mix is dominated by the energy derived from coal combustion. Decarbonizing the energy sector will require significant financial resources. Therefore, several questions arise: What is the social attitude to the planned changes? How do residents treat the issue of greenhouse gases? Do they perceive the relationship between energy production and the quality of the natural environment? What are their expectations regarding the transformation of the energy sector? The aim of this study was to identify the opinion of the inhabitants of southeastern Poland on changes in the energy sector and its impact on the quality of the natural environment. The study was conducted at the turn of 2020 and 2021. The survey was partial and carried out using the CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interview) method; 1539 questionnaire forms were filled in and the sample was randomly selected. The study confirms the following research hypotheses: 1. There is social support for the view that climate change is currently one of the greatest threats to modern civilization. 2. There is a social belief that the quality of the natural environment in southeastern Poland is good compared to other regions of Poland and Europe. 3. Increasing the share of energy based on renewable energy sources is socially expected. 4. There is a social expectation of nuclear energy. It can therefore be concluded that the surveyed community accepts the direction of changes in the energy sector.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Impact of the Energy Sector on the Quality of the Environment in the Opinion of Energy Consumers from Southeastern Poland

2021

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“…Note that the SMCCC reported in Figure 1 is just a specific simplified configuration of the much more complex loops under construction in ITER, but it is relevant to develop and test the novel approach proposed here. When a LOFA occurs, and the coolant flow falls below 10% of the nominal value for more than a validation time ( = 1 s in this paper) both at the CSM inlet and the CSM outlet [9]:…”

Section: The Superconducting Magnet Cryogenic Cooling Circuit (Smccc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The safety of ITER (and of other nuclear fusion systems, like the European Demonstration Power Plant (EU DEMO)) needs to be verified and proved by a rigorous assessment of the system's response to operational transients and accidental conditions, and the related (safety) gaps and issues need to be underlined [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Actually, we must avoid the plant operators, the people, and the environment being contaminated by radioactive agents, e.g., tritium and other materials activated by the neutrons generated by the nuclear fusion reactions [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metamodeling and On-Line Clustering for Loss-of-Flow Accident Precursors Identification in a Superconducting Magnet Cryogenic Cooling Circuit

et al. 2021

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In the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, plasma is magnetically confined with Superconductive Magnets (SMs) that must be maintained at the cryogenic temperature of 4.5 K by one or more Superconducting Magnet Cryogenic Cooling Circuits (SMCCC). To guarantee cooling, Loss-Of-Flow Accidents (LOFAs) in the SMCCC are to be avoided. In this work, we develop a three-step methodology for the prompt detection of LOFA precursors (i.e., those combinations of component failures causing a LOFA). First, we randomly generate accident scenarios by Monte Carlo sampling of the failures of typical SMCCC components and simulate the corresponding transient system response by a deterministic thermal-hydraulic code. In this phase, we also employ quick-running Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)-based Kriging metamodels, adaptively trained to reproduce the output of the long-running code, to decrease the computational time. Second, we group the generated scenarios by a Spectral Clustering (SC) employing the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM), in order to identify the main patterns of system evolution towards abnormal states (e.g., a LOFA). Third, we develop an On-line Supervised Spectral Clustering (OSSC) technique to associate time-varying parameters measured during plant functioning to one of the prototypical groups obtained, which may highlight the related LOFA precursors (in terms of SMCCC components failures). We apply the proposed technique to the simplified model of a cryogenic cooling circuit of a single module of the ITER Central Solenoid Magnet (CSM). The framework developed promptly detects 95% of LOFA events and around 80% of the related precursors.

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“…Additionally, the dissemination or transmission of the nuclear safety culture is also a critical issue. 38,39 The nuclear safety culture contains implicit and explicit aspects. The dissemination of the implicit safety culture (ISC) includes four components, the source, the learners, the resisters as well as the innovators of the safety culture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The differential dynamic model for the implicit safety culture dissemination in nuclear power plants

Yuan

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2022

Indoor and Built Environment

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This paper evaluates the implicit safety culture (ISC) and the dissemination among staff in a nuclear power plant. The Schein’s cultural hierarchy theory was adopted to compare implicit aspects of different organizational cultures, and to explore the application of both explicit and implicit cultures, to define the ISC of a nuclear plant and to summarize its characteristics. The dissemination system and the mechanism of the ISC was scrutinized based on dynamic and superimposing effects, which are regarded as a unity of opposites. A differential dynamic model of the ISC dissemination of the nuclear power plant was established by this study. Results of the model indicated that the ISC could be disseminated freely within the power plant when the dissemination was at an unstable equilibrium point. However, the ISC would not disseminate effectively and might disappear gradually in the power plant when the dissemination was at an asymptotic equilibrium point. The application of ISC is a crucial issue to improve the safety and benefit of the management of the nuclear power plant, including measures such as intensifying the collaboration and communication of departments, and setting a special department for the ISC dissemination and some incentive protocols in the nuclear power plant.

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Approaching Nuclear Safety Culture in Fission and Fusion Technology

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Impact of the Energy Sector on the Quality of the Environment in the Opinion of Energy Consumers from Southeastern Poland

Impact of the Energy Sector on the Quality of the Environment in the Opinion of Energy Consumers from Southeastern Poland

Metamodeling and On-Line Clustering for Loss-of-Flow Accident Precursors Identification in a Superconducting Magnet Cryogenic Cooling Circuit

The differential dynamic model for the implicit safety culture dissemination in nuclear power plants

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