SUMMARYFrom 1979 to August 1987, there have been 178 cases of meningococcal disease in Iquique, Chile, a city of about 140000. The attack rate for the last 5 years has been in excess of 20/100000 per year, more than 20 times greater than for the country overall. The mortality rate was 6 %. The disease occurred in patients with ages from 4 months to 60 years, but 89 % of cases were in patients < 21 years. The largest number of cases were in the age group 5-9 years (n = 54), but the highest incidence occurred in children less than 1 year of age (72-8/100000 per year). The male/female ratio was 1-2. Cases occurred all year round with little seasonal variation. Of the 178 cases, 173 were biologically confirmed. Serogroup analysis of strains from 135 patients revealed A = 1, B = 124, C = 10. Forty-four group B strains from 1985-7 were serotyped: 15:P1.3 = 36, 15:NT = 4, 4:P1.3 = 2, NT: NT = 2. Ten of 11 of the outbreak strains tested were sulfadiazine-resistant. This is the first recognized outbreak caused by a Gp B: 15 strain in South America. It shares many of the characteristics of outbreaks caused by closely related strains in Europe, such as a predilection for older children and adolescents, sulfadiazineresistance, and sustained high attack rates. The Iquique strain (B:15: P1.3) belongs to the same genetic clone (ET-5 complex) as the Norway (B: 15: PI. 16) and the Cuban (B :4: P1. 15) strains.
This study was carried out on 11 Chinese and 12 Japanese silkworm strains maintained by the Center for the Technological Development of Sericulture (CDTS) germplasm bank, located in Pereira, Colombia. The goals were to determine the genetic population structure of the two groups and the association between molecular markers (AFLPs) and important productivity characters. Group analysis showed the separation of the strains according to their geographic origin. The molecular markers and the productivity characters were correlated by multiple variance analysis. The analysis permitted the identification of molecular markers associated with the cocoon weight or the shell weight separately. Some markers were associated with both characters.
Hydrogel scaffolds are important materials in tissue engineering, and their characterization is essential to determine potential biomedical applications according to their mechanical and structural behavior. In this work, silk fibroin hydrogels were synthesized by two different methods (vortex and sonication), and agarose hydrogels were also obtained for comparison purposes. Samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared analysis, thermo-gravimetrical analysis, confined compression test, and rheological test. The results indicate that nanofibers can be obtained via both silk fibroin and agarose hydrogels. The mechanical tests showed that the Young’s modulus is similar to those found in the literature, with the highest value for agarose hydrogels. All the hydrogels showed a shear-thinning behavior. Additionally, the MTT test revealed that silk fibroin hydrogels had low cytotoxicity in THP-1 and HEK-293 cells, whereas the agarose hydrogels showed high toxicity for the THP-1 cell line. The results indicate that silk fibroin hydrogels obtained from a Colombian silkworm hybrid are suitable for the development of scaffolds, with potential applications in tissue engineering.
El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó con el objetivo de determinar el efecto hepatoprotector y actividad antioxidante del extracto hidroalcohólico del fruto de dos variedades de Opuntia megacantha “tuna”, morada y anaranjada. El contenido de fenoles totales se determinó por el método de Folin-Ciocalteu y los flavonoides por el método del cloruro de aluminio. La actividad antioxidante por los métodos de DPPH, ABTS y FRAP; y el efecto hepatoprotector mediante ensayo in vivo en ratas albinas de 2 meses de edad, con pesos entre 200 ± 20 g, distribuidas aleatoriamente en siete grupos de 5 animales cada uno, los cuales recibieron: grupo I (suero fisiológico), grupo II (CCl4), grupo III (silimarina), grupos IV y V (extracto de tuna morada a 250 y 500 mg/kg), grupos VI y VII, (extracto de tuna anaranjada a 250 y 500 mg/kg). En suero sanguíneo se determinó la actividad de aspartato aminotransferasa (AST) y alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) y se realizó el estudio histopatológico del hígado. La variedad morada presentó mayor contenido de fenoles totales, flavonoides y actividad antioxidante en relación a la variedad anaranjada (p<0,05). La actividad de AST y ALT a la dosis de 250 mg/kg son estadísticamente similares a la de silimarina para los extractos de tuna morada y anaranjada. En el estudio histopatológico, ambas variedades demostraron protección frente al daño del tetracloruro de carbono. En conclusión, el extracto hidroalcohólico de las variedades de tuna morada y anaranjada demostraron tener efecto hepatoprotector y actividad antioxidante.
El objetivo fue estudiar especies del género Baccharis desde el punto de vista etnobotánico, químico y farmacológico utilizadas como plantas medicinales en el departamento de Ayacucho. Tres especies del género Baccharis fueron colectadas en el distrito de Quinua y en el Valle de Muyurina (provincia de Huamanga, Ayacucho), durante los meses de abril a junio del 2006. El estudio etnobotánico se realizó según metodología de Cáceres (1996) y el fitoquímico según Miranda y Cuellar (2000), la actividad antiinflamatoria mediante el método de edema plantar inducido por prostaglandina El, la actividad antioxidante por la actividad secuestradora del,l-difenil-picril·hidrazilo (DPPH) y el antimicrobiano por el método de placa excavada. Las especies fueron identificadas como: B. salicifolia utilizada como analgésico, antiinflamatorio y antirreumático; B. genistelloides como antiinflamatorio y en problemas hepáticos; y de B. glutinosa no se reportan usos conocidos. Se aislaron flavonoides de tipo flavona y flavanona de las hojas de las tres especies en estudio. B. salicifolia demostró tener mejor actividad antiinflamatoria (p<O.O5) y antioxidante (p<O.O5) que B.genistelloides y B. glutinosa; mientras que B. glutinosa presentó actividad antimicrobiana frente a Salmonella sp. y Shigellasonnei. Se identificó tres especies: B. genistelloides, B. glutinosa y B. saliCifolia; y se realizó el estudio etnobotánico que reportan su uso tradicional. Los flavonoides presentes en las especies son de tipo flavona y flavanona. B. salicifolía fue mejor antiinflamatorio y antioxidante; B. glutinosa mejor antimicrobiano.
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