En este trabajo se analizan las formas de ejercer la violencia en el aula por parte del profesorado hacia el alumnado (VPA) y el alumnado hacia el profesorado (VAP), según la percepción de estudiantes de educación secundaria obligatoria (ESO). La muestra está constituida por 4.943 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 17 años. El cuestionario de violencia escolar (CUVE3-ESO) utilizado, presenta en nuestro estudio un alfa de Cronbach de .90 (elevada fiabilidad), y en el método de las dos mitades, un alfa de .82 (ítems VPA) y .84 (ítems VAP), confirmando que el instrumento posee una elevada confiabilidad. Del análisis factorial se extrajeron dos factores (F 1 : VPA y F 2 : VAP) que explican un 44.8% de la varianza. Los resultados muestran un porcentaje de conductas violentas similar en ambas direcciones (VPA: 18.9%; VAP: 15.9%), siendo las acciones más usuales en el profesorado: la utilización de las calificaciones como presión al comportamiento (31%) y preferencia por cierto tipo de alumnado (29.5%); y entre las de mayor uso por el alumnado: hablar durante la clase (46.6%) y un comportamiento inadecuado (39%).Palabras clave: Violencia escolar, Educación Secundaria, adolescencia, profesorado.School violence: the interpersonal teacher-student dyad. This study analyses ways of using violence in the classroom by teachers to students (VPA) and students to teachers (VAP), according to the students` perception of secondary obligatory education (ESO). The sample is composed of 4943 adolescents whose ages range from 12 to 17 years old. The questionnaire of school violence (CUVE3-ESO) used in our study has a Cronbach`s alpha of .90 (high reliability), and the split-halves method has an alpha of .82 (items VPA) and .84 (items VAP), confirming that the instrument has high reliability. From factorial analysis was extracted two factors (F 1 : VPA; F 2 : VAP) that explain 44.8% of the variance. The results show a similar percentage of violent behavior in both directions (VPA: 18.9%; VAP: 15.9%), being the conducts most used by teachers: the use of ratings as pressure behavior (31%) and preference for certain type of students (29.5%). And being the conducts most used by students: to speak during the class (46.6%) and inadequate behavior (39%).
Resumen Introducción. Las causas que han originado la violencia en los centros educativos son muy diversas y a menudo interrelacionadas. El presente estudio analiza la
información del artículo Historia del artículo: Recibido el 8 de octubre de 2013 Aceptado el 26 de mayo de 2014 On-line el 28 de noviembre de 2014Palabras clave: Asertividad Competencia social Adolescencia Evaluación r e s u m e n El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar en qué medida los estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de Galicia (España) dicen ser asertivos, así como la influencia de variables socioeducativas que pueden influir en una mayor o menor capacidad asertiva. Se establece una muestra probabilística estratificada por racimo de 4.943 estudiantes. Los instrumentos utilizados en el estudio han sido un cuestionario estructurado ad hoc relativo a variables socioeducativas y el cuestionario de asertividad de Lazarus y Folkman (1990). El análisis descriptivo manifiesta que los adolescentes gallegos poseen mayoritariamente conductas asertivas (71,8%) frente a las no asertivas (28,2%), verificando aquellas conductas sociales que presentan falta de asertividad. Seguidamente, se lleva a cabo un análisis inferencial, observando que la provincia (F = 2,56; p = 0,05), el tamaño del centro (F = 2,99; p = 0,03), la edad (F = 5,36; p < 0,001), el curso (F = 20,80; p < 0,001) y los estudios (F = 18,08; p < 0,001) son fuentes significativas de variación con respecto a la asertividad. Los adolescentes gallegos muestran mayor proporción de conductas asertivas que no asertivas, y desempeñan un papel importante en la determinación de la asertividad las variables socioeducativas: provincia, tamaño del centro, edad, curso y estudios. a b s t r a c tThe aim of this work is to analyse how students of compulsory secondary education in Galicia (Spain) consider themselves as assertive, as well as to determine how the influence of socio-educational variables that can affect assertive capacity. A probabilistic sample, stratified by cluster, of 4,943 students was evaluated. The tools used in the study were an «ad hoc» structured questionnaire on sociodemographic variables and the assertive questionnaire of Lazarus and Folkman (1990). The descriptive analysis showed that the Galician adolescent possess more assertive behaviours (71.8%) than non-assertive (28.2%), and verified those social behaviours that lack assertiveness. An inferential analysis was then performed observing that the province (F = 2.56, P=.05), school size (F = 2.99, P=.03), age (F = 5.36, P<.001), course (F = 20.80, P<.001), and studies (F = 8.18, P<.001) are significant sources of variation of assertiveness. Galician adolescents show greater proportion of assertive behaviours than non-assertive, with situational variables such as, province, school size, age, grade and studies, playing an important role in determining assertiveness.
This study analyses ways of using violence in the classroom by teachers to students (VPA) and students to teachers (VAP), according to the students` perception of secondary obligatory education (ESO). The sample is composed of 4943 adolescents whose ages range from 12 to 17 years old. The questionnaire of school violence (CUVE3-ESO) used in our study has a Cronbach`s alpha of .90 (high reliability), and the split-halves method has an alpha of .82 (items VPA) and .84 (items VAP), confirming that the instrument has high reliability. From factorial analysis was extracted two factors (F1: VPA; F2: VAP) that explain 44.8% of the variance. The results show a similar percentage of violent behavior in both directions (VPA: 18.9%; VAP: 15.9%), being the conducts most used by teachers: the use of ratings as pressure behavior (31%) and preference for certain type of students (29.5%). And being the conducts most used by students: to speak during the class (46.6%) and inadequate behavior (39%).
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