REsumEnEn este artículo se sintetizan avances en la literatura relacionados con demandas, precios y costes del agua en distintos sectores, y el papel que los métodos y modelos económicos pueden jugar en el diseño de instrumentos y políticas eficientes para la gestión del agua en el nuevo contexto institucional definido por la DMA. Se analiza de forma específica la contribución de la Economía en la gestión del agua en la agricultura y en el uso urbano, y los distintos métodos para determinar el valor económico del agua en el medio ambiente. Tras esto se presenta el estado del arte de modelos que integran oferta y demanda a escala de cuenca acoplando hidrología, gestión y economía (modelos hidroeconómicos), y diversas aplicaciones a la resolución de problemas de gestión de recursos hídricos. Concluimos con un análisis de tendencias y retos futuros en el papel de los modelos y el análisis económico en la gestión de los recursos hídricos.Palabras clave | Economía del agua; modelos hidroeconómicos; precios del agua; costes ambientales. ABsTRACT This paper presents advances in the literature related to demands, prices and costs of water services in different sectors, and the role of economic methods and models can play in the design of efficient instruments and policies for water management in the new
The layouts of most urban water systems are known. A head tank with an appropriate elevation is used to supply water through the network at a pressure equal (or higher) to that set by the relevant standards. Furthermore, equalization, fire and emergency storage are important benefits of tank use, as is the possibility of avoiding peak rate electricity fares. However, at the end of the last century, some tanks were reported to have a negative impact the quality of water, and recommendations were made to limit their volume and revise their geometry. Recently, alternative options have been considered. Equalization can be achieved with pumps with variable-frequency drivers, emergency situations can be avoided with electric oil generators and solar plants can be used to offset other generation types and reduce energy costs. Therefore, this article analyses the performance of tanks as an energy source, and tank and pump supply methods are directly compared; overall, direct supply through pumps is cheaper, more energy efficient and more environmentally convenient. Therefore, in the context of climate change, it seems reasonable to avoid water tanks as energy sources.
El transporte de agua a presión (producto del volumen por la presión) consume mucha energía y la amenaza del cambio climático exige reducirla. Ello se consigue optimizando el proceso, reduciendo el volumen a desplazar (gestionando la demanda y minimizando las fugas) y, por último, ajustando al máximo la presión con un ecotrazado. En este trabajo, se compara el tradicional diseño de redes, vigente más de un siglo y supeditado a minimizar la inversión y garantizar el suministro, con el ecotrazado cuyo objetivo es primar la eficiencia ajustando tanto como sea posible la presión a las necesidades del servicio. Un enfoque alternativo, lógico y necesario en un nuevo marco, con redes eléctricas más seguras, equipos electromecánicos más fiables y con la necesidad de reducir el gasto energético. El ecotrazado es ambientalmente más conveniente y, contabilizando todos los gastos, más económico.
The scientific community is one where objectivity is expected to be achieved by the scientific method. Peer review, through discussion and debate within journals and conferences, assists in this objectivity by maintaining the innovation, quality of research methodology and interpretation of results. Members of the scientific community critically review research evidence and expect high quality research material with a significant scientific value. Contents addressed to the scientific community consist of detailed explanatory documents of research procedures, reviews of the state of the art and results. Universities, research institutions, technology providers, consultants and professional association members fit into this target group. Dissemination of research findings throughout the scientific community and their involvement in the TRUST research project requires considering a complex strategy beyond traditional scientific publication. Building a collaborative environment to serve as a meeting point for debate and critical assessment of deliverables-not just inside TRUST partners, but in an open debate in the scientific community as well-is crucial for TRUST research embracement.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.