Resumen: La dinámica de la investigación actual sobre la cultura material tardorrepublicana y tempranoaugustea en la Ulterior y en el resto de los territorios que constituyeron el Imperio hace que cualquier sistematización de las ánforas fabricadas en el valle del Guadalquivir (en sentido extenso) durante este periodo quede enseguida superada por nuevos hallazgos y materiales. El presente trabajo pretende ser un estado de la cuestión actual respecto al estudio de éstas ánforas del siglo I a. C. que, sin ser exhaustivo, incluya el mayor número de contextos posibles, tanto de las áreas de producción como de las de consumo. Sobre esta base material, se ensaya una ordenación tipológica que incluye diecisiete tipos anfóricos regionales incluidos en cuatro grupos cuyo criterio de formalización es, fundamentalmente, el "éxito comercial" y la duración, mayor o menor de la "vida" de los contenedores que los componen. Al análisis morfológico, que incluye novedosas propuestas de trabajo sobre el origen y el desarrollo formal de tipos como Haltern 70, Oberaden 83 y Urceus, se añade una contextualización histórico-económica y la necesaria confrontación con los repertorios anfóri-cos contemporáneos de otras áreas productivas peninsulares. El resultado es una propuesta tipológica y funcional compleja que, a nuestro juicio, es la que mejor parece ajustarse al estado actual del conocimiento arqueológico sobre los tipos anfóricos de la Ulterior interna durante el siglo I a. C. Evidentemente, la propuesta se presenta como tema de reflexión y base para la discusión y confrontación de ideas en los próximos años. Palabras clave: Ánforas, valle del Guadalquivir, República romana, siglo I a.C., tipología Abstract: Current research trends on the material culture in the province of Hispania Ulterior in the late republic and the early years of the Augustean reign, make any systematisation of amphorae in the Guadalquivir valley (in a wide sense) liable to be soon superseded by new finds and evidence. The present work aims at reviewing the state of the question of 1st century b. C. amphorae, not exhaustively but taken as many contexts into account as possible, including production and consumption areas. Starting with the material evidence, we propose a typology divided in seventeen regional amphora types in four groups, according to 'commercial sucess' and the duration of the type. The morphological analysis, which includes new proposals on the origin and development of types such as Haltern 70, Oberaden 83 and Urceus, is offered along a historic-economic contextualisation and the comparison with other coeval amphoric repertoires in the Iberian Peninsula. The result is a complex typological and functional proposal which, in our opinion, responds better to the archaeological record for the chronology and geographical context in hand. Obviously, the proposal aims at becoming the base for further discussion in the future.
Even before Italica was founded by the Romans at the end of the third century BC, this settlement maintained a close relationship with the morpho-dynamic evolution of the lower Guadalquivir river (SW Andalusia, Spain), especially with the lateral channel displacements. In order to reconstruct the palaeogeographic evolution of the alluvial area of Itálica during the second half of the Holocene, our research has focused on the study of the fluvial paleoforms and the alluvial soil-sedimentary sequence, with special emphasis on the analysis of the geoarchaeological records. Ancient maps and aerial photographs of various scales and diverse dates have been interpreted. Borehole cores and profiles, manually or mechanically opened, have also been done to obtain samples for laboratory tests of the representative floodplain soils and sediments. The chronologies provided by the archaeological record were completed with several radiocarbon dates. From these results we propose a possible solution at a local level to the traditional discussion about the existence and location of the ancient harbour of Italica; and for the alluvial plain as a whole, a double alternating palaeogeographic sequence trending to millennial-submillennial scale has been reached. The first one occurring controlled by hydrologic and climatic factors, modulated by a prolonged and extended human pressure on the basin, and showing a succession of four main stages characterized by the predominance of alluvial filling (4833-3206 cal BP; 3130-1989 cal BP; 1620 cal BP-XI century AD; and around the last 500 years), which are separated by periods of stability that favored alluvial soils formation; meanwhile, the second sequence presents short-time terms prone to riverbed design shifting (period prior to Late Bronze; Roman-republican era; central Middle Age), also separated by lengthy phases of morpho-hydrographic stability. In the latter case the main factor does not seem to be, as in the first of those, hydro-climatic shifts and land use changes, but rather the last small regional fluctuations of sea level that came with the second part of the Holocene.
Resumen: Con este trabajo intentamos describir y explicar los cambios que se aprecian en los repertorios cerámicos de Hispalis (Sevilla) entre los siglos III y I a.C. como reflejo de las transformaciones en los hábitos alimenticios y en las pautas de consumo de las poblaciones del Bajo Guadalquivir a finales de la Edad del Hierro y durante los primeros siglos de la ocupación romana. Para ello se revisarán los diferentes contextos de ocupación de época turdetana y romano-republicana documentados en las excavaciones llevadas a cabo en la ciudad de Sevilla. A continuación se analizarán las producciones cerámi-cas locales y su evolución, así como las novedades tipológicas procedentes tanto del ámbito púnico como del itálico, tanto en lo que se refiere a los recipientes de transporte como especialmente a los de cocina y al servicio de mesa. Para terminar, se llevará a cabo una reconstrucción diacrónica de todo el proceso desde finales del siglo IV a.C. hasta el cambio de Era. Palabras claves: Hispalis (Sevilla), romanización, cerámica, cocina, alimentación, consumo. Abstract:In this paper, we attempt to describe and explain the changes detected in the pottery repertoires of Hispalis (Seville) between the 3 rd and 1 st centuries BC as a reflection of the transformation of the eating habits and patterns of consumption of the people of the Lower Guadalquivir in the Late Iron Age and early centuries of the Roman occupation. For this purpose, we shall review the different contexts of Turdetanian and Roman-Republican occupation documented in the excavations carried out in the city of Seville. Secondly, we shall analyse the local pottery products and their evolution, and the typological novelties introduced from both the Punic and the Italic spheres, with particular focus on the vessels used in transport and, especially, in cooking and serving at the table. Finally, we offer a diachronic reconstruction of the whole process from the late 4 th century to the change of Era.
Resumen: El presente trabajo hace públicos por primera vez los resultados de un proceso experimental fruto de la colaboración entre las universidades de Cádiz y Sevilla. Dicho proceso, en el que han participado arqueólogos y bioquímicos, se ha realizado en el Departamento de Ingeniería Química de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de Cádiz y ha consistido en la identificación de la naturaleza concreta y en la reproducción física de la afamada salsa salada de pescado greco-romana denominada garum (liquamen), de un subproducto alimenticio sólido de esta (hallec) y de una salsa secundaria y de menor calidad denominada en latín muria. El estudio filológico de antiguas recetas de confección del garum (confectio gari) y los resultados analíticos de los residuos de estos productos recogidos durante la excavación de la denominada bottega o tienda del garum de Pompeya han permitido simular su producción artesanal en laboratorio y obtener unos condimentos salados cuyo aspecto fí-sico y características alimentarias coinciden con los descritos por las fuentes literarias grecorromanas y con los que aún muestran los residuos orgánicos analizados de estas producciones. Palabras Clave: garum, Pompeya, proceso experimental, elaboración del garum Abstract: The present work publishes for the first time the results of an experimental process carried out in cooperation between the Universities of Cádiz and Seville. This process, involving the participation of archaeologists and experts in biochemistry, has been effected in the chemical engineering department of the University of Cádiz and has focused on the characterization and reproduction of the famous GraecoRoman salted fish sauce known as garum (liquamen), of a solid by-product of this sauce (hallec) and of a secondary, lesser quality, sauce known in Latin as muria. The philological analysis of ancient recipes (confectio gari) and the analysis of the residues collected in the so-called bottega or Garum Shop, in Pompeii, have permitted their artisanal reproduction in the laboratory. The physical aspect and alimentary features of these products coincide with those described in the ancient sources and with the organic residues under analysis.
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