No abstract

No abstract

The research was carried out to determine the effects of cumin seeds in food diets of Anatolian water buffaloes (AWB) in shelter about gas concentration, milk yield and composition. The animal material of the experiment was conducted with 27 buffaloes at Karaoglan Village located in Mustafakemalpasa, Bursa. Three different buffalo shelters (E1, E2 and E3) and three different diets (S1; S2; and S3) (0, 10 and 30 g grounding cumin seeds (GCS) kg-1) in 3x3 a replicated Latin square design was used with nine replicates of one buffalo each. Periods lasted 21 days, in which the first two weeks were preliminary for adaptation and data for statistical analysis collected in week 3. In conclusion, It has been determined that 30 g cumin supplementation to AWB diets (S3; one kg of diet) significantly increased total dry matter intake and milk yield of AWB (P<0:01). Meanwhile; there were no significant effects of diets containing cuminun seeds in milk composition, somatic cell count (SCC) and shelter about gas concentrations (CH4, NH3 and CO2).

Aim: The levels of several hormones including melatonin, leptin, and ghrelin are regulated by circadian rhythm. Deregulated hormone levels due to disruption of circadian rhythm may result in medical conditions like metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the associations among circadian rhythm, melatonin, leptin, ghrelin and metabolic syndrome by determining melatonin levels of healthy nurses who were working on night-shift for at least 3 months and of those on day-shift for at least 3 months. Methods: Venous bloods following 8-hour fasting of 50 nurses, who were aged at 20-40 age range and whose Body Mass Index (BMI) were >25, were collected. Those working on night-shift were named as night group and the control group of the study was named as day group. From the bloods collected; melatonin, leptin and ghrelin levels were evaluated by ELISA method, insulin was evaluated by immunochemically, whereas fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were evaluated spectrophotometrically. Results: Melatonin level was significantly lower in the night-shift group compared to the day-shift group (p=0.003). Leptin level was slightly but not significantly lower in the night-shift group (p=0.097). In contrast, ghrelin level and other biochemical parameters including triglyceride, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and cholesterol were increased in the night-shift group but these increments were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our results suggest that night-shift work might exhibit tendency towards MetS by disrupting circadian rhythm.

This paper presents a field study conducted in northwest Turkey and characterizes the NH3 concentration and emission measured in summer season from three chicken farms. The influence of environmental conditions on NH3 concentration and emission was also investigated in this study. Ammonia concentration, temperature, relative humidity and airflow rate were continuously recorded for four sequential days. The environmental conditions were measured using a multifunction temperature and humidity‐meter with a hot wire probe. Portable multiple gas detectors with electro‐chemical sensors were used to measure NH3 concentration. The NH3 emission rates for houses were calculated by multiplying simultaneously measured NH3 concentrations and air flow rates. The average daily mean (ADM) house concentrations of house 1 (H1), house 2 (H2), and house 3 (H3) were measured as 4.43, 3.71, and 6.20 ppm, respectively. NH3 concentration was inversely proportional to temperature (r = −0.279), relative humidity (r = −0.063) and airflow rate (r = −0.554) for all monitored houses. The ADM house NH3 emission was 135 g/(h house) for H1, 255 g/(h house) for H2, and 117 g/(h house) for H3. The combined average emission rate in this study (0.26 g/(d bird)) was lower than the emission rate measured in chicken farms in the USA. However, our results were comparable to rates calculated in European studies because house design, ventilation system and bird diet applied in Turkish chicken farms are very similar to those employed in European countries. The NH3 emissions were significantly correlated to NH3 concentrations (r = 0.45, p ≤ 0.001) and airflow rates (r = 0.97, p ≤ 0.001). A clear diurnal pattern was obtained for NH3 concentrations rather than NH3 emissions at the end of the study.