The current research aims to explore the effects of a haptic augmented simulation on students" achievement and their attitudes towards Physics in an immersive virtual reality environment (VRE). A quasi-experimental post-test design was employed utilizing experiment and control groups. The participants were 215 students from a K-12 school in Istanbul, Turkey. The students were split into two groups and each group were respectively taught the subject "mass gravity in the solar system", employing traditional instructional methods for the control group and, as a treatment, utilizing a haptic force feedback application in a VRE for the experiment group. The data was gathered through an attitude questionnaire and an achievement test was analyzed administering descriptive and comparative analyses. Findings illustrated that use of a haptic force feedback application in a VRE had a significant and positive effect on students" achievement, as well as on their motivation, encouragement, autonomy, and learning quality.

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Complementary resistive switches (CRSs) are suggested as an alternative to one-cell memristor memories to decrease leakage currents. However, their sensing is more difficult and complex than one-cell memristor memories. A method has been given for sensing their state using only DC voltages in the literature. However, in this strategy, sensing one of the logic states results in the destruction of the state and the destroyed state must be written again. To the best of our knowledge, a circuit with this sensing strategy does not exist in the literature yet. In this paper, such a circuit employing this method, which is able to read the CRS cells and able to reconstruct their data if the data are destroyed, is given. A new CRS model is also constructed in this paper and used for simulations to verify the operation of the circuit. The circuit is simulated using Simulink. We expect this circuit implementation to find use in the design and testing of CRS cells.