We investigated the outcome of trabeculectomy with stored mitomycin C (MMC) in a black Caribbean population on the island of Dominica. Ten eyes (9 patients) underwent trabeculectomy with MMC (0.5 mg/ml for 3–6 min) that had been stored for up to 17 months at 4 °C. The preoperative intraocular pressure of (mean ± SD) 32.8±7.5 mm Hg on 2.6 medications decreased to 9.5±3.2 mm Hg on 0.2 medications after a mean follow-up time of 14.2 months (range 7–25). Nine eyes did not receive medications postoperatively. Complications observed included bleb infection (1 eye) and late bleb leak (1 eye); 2 eyes developed cataract. Nine blebs had typical clinical features of blebs after trabeculectomy with adjunctive MMC. We conclude that long-term-stored MMC may be beneficial as adjunctive treatment in initial trabeculectomy in this population.

Objective: Immunity-related issues are the main concerns of patients undergoing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. The treatment of IBD during the last decade has evolved due to the ever-increasing utilization of immunomodulators, which has caused the potential of contracting opportunistic infections to become the main immunity concern for patients affected by IBD. Methods: Studies on opportunistic infections in patients with IBD that were identified in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were reviewed and included. Results: IBD patients are a high-risk population for opportunistic infections, with age being a significant factor. The primary therapy for IBD patients includes the suppression of the immunity system, together with immunodeficiency and biological treatments, which, first of all, must be standardized. Since treatment with suppressive medicine, which is the original method for curing IBD, causes viral infections and the growth of various bacteria, factors suppressing the body's immunity system must be temporarily suspended, or the consumption dosage of sensitive antibiotics should be reduced. Biological treatment and anti-integrin antibodies will lead to the danger of being affected by opportunistic infections in patients with IBD. Still, the threat of these infections is not severe. Conclusion: The worldwide research society must conduct further research into a therapeutic strategy for IBD patients to reduce susceptibility and the risk of opportunistic infection.There are still unknowns about how these individuals and the medicines they were given reacted to different infections, and more detailed clinical observations are required.

Background: Fatty acid is a type of carboxylic acid with carbon chain that can be short (4 carbons, such as butyric acid) or long (14 carbons and more, like DHA). Generally, fatty acids are divided into two groups of unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids. They have important and valuable medicinal properties especially against microbial pathogens. Objective: Studies have shown that the epidemic of the twentieth century's heart disease is due to the abuse of trans fatty acids. The consumption of various fatty acids has various therapeutic effects on various diseases. Method: Relevant articles were searched from Google Scholar, Pub Med, Scopus, Science direct, and Cochrane library. Results: Getting omega-3 fatty acids through diet and supplements affects both acute and chronic inflammation. Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids can slow down the growth of cancer, increase the effect of chemotherapy and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy or cancer. This can be done by reducing angiogenesis in the tumor, creating the differentiation of cancer cells, reducing the risk of heart attack from cancer, etc. Conclusion: In general, fatty acids are valuable and affordable, and available with numerous medicinal properties, including anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties that can be extracted from and used by many sources, especially many medicinal plants. Since antimicrobial chemicals generally have many side effects and have resistance to many microbial species, various studies and experiments to identify and extract fatty acids and their application to the title of the pharmaceutical formulation are essential.

Cancer is an important public health issue worldwide and is the main cause of death in the developed countries and the second cause of death in the developing countries. There are several treatments for cancer such as photodynamic therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Current cancer treatments have various side effects, including the gradual resistance of cancer cells to treatment. The era of targeted cancer therapy has brought about new clinical approaches such as antibodies, small molecules, antiangiogenics, and antivirals. Yet even these strategies remain limited in their ability to accumulate in tumors and tumor penetration, which are the main obstacles in the treatment of cancer. Historic efforts to harness living organisms to fight cancer have recently been revived in the field of synthetic biology. Certain circulating bacteria can intrinsically home in on tumors, and can be engineered to controllably induce local cytotoxicity while remaining unobtrusive to the host system. Due to the ineffectiveness of conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy in advanced tumor stages, resistance to treatment and non-specificity of these treatments, with the advancement of studies in this field, it is hoped that bacterial therapy will add a new dimension to cancer treatment.