Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen with the potential to cause serious surgical wound infections and remains a major problem especially in developing countries of the world. This has led to investigating antimicrobial actions of fractionated Moringa oleifera leaf extract on multidrug Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Isolation of P. aeruginosa strains from post-surgical wound in two locations used for the study, antibiotics susceptibility testing, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening were carried out using standard procedures followed by antibacterial testing of the different M. oleifera leaf extracts on selected multidrug resistant isolates. The results showed that 99 (35%) of patients studied had wound infection out of the total 284 samples collected. Thirty-four (54.8%) P. aeruginosa strains were found to show multidrug resistant ability from both locations studied. Qualitative analysis of phytoconstituents revealed the presence of flavonoid, phenol, saponins, steriods, tannin and terpenoids. Quantitative analysis showed that the different phytochemical recorded varying amount. Antibacterial assay results revealed that M. oleifera leaf n-hexane extract exhibited highest antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa strain NAPCC-1 followed by methanol and aqueous methanol all at a concentration of 100 mg/ml while aqueous methanol best inhibited P. aeruginosa strain KAR12 growth followed by methanol then n-hexane extract. The varying effect could be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals in the different M. oleifera leaf extracts. The result of this study has shown the potentials of M. oleifera extracts as antibacterial agent by inhibiting the growth of the test organisms isolated from post-surgical wound infection.

Afzelia bella Harms (Fabaceae), a plant widely distributed in Africa, is used in traditional medicine for varied disease conditions including the treatment of topical skin infections. The present study investigated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the methanol extract and various solvent fractions of the leaves of the plant. The methanol leaf extract was partitioned to yield petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and residual aqueous fractions. Total phenol and flavonoid contents, radical scavenging activity and ferric reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) were determined by spectrophotometry, while antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract and fractions were determined using agar-well diffusion and agar dilution methods, respectively against clinical bacterial isolates of Bacillus subtilis, Escherishia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and fungi, Aspergillus flavus, Candida parapsilosis, Microsporium audiounii. Bacillus subtilis was the most susceptible among the bacterial strains tested, while Microsporium audiounii was the most susceptible fungus. The alcoholic extract and all solvent fractions demonstrated a concentration dependent antimicrobial activity with inhibition zone diameter range of 7.5 to 35.0 mm. MIC ranged from 0.1 - 8 mg/ml and activity was highest in ethyl acetate fraction with MIC of 0.1 mg/ml. FRAP ranged from 0.161 - 0.319 mmol Fe2+/g extract and was highest in the ethyl acetate fraction. These results give an indication that A. bella leaf has high antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and support the folkloric claim of the therapeutic potential of the plant. Keywords: antioxidant, antimicrobial, ethnomedicine, Afzelia bella, Fabaceae