Short tandem repeat (STR) typing continues to be the primary workhorse in forensic DNA profiling. Therefore, the present review discusses the prominent role of STR marker in criminal justice system. All over the world, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiling provides evidence that may be used to convict criminals, as an irrefutable proof of wrongful convictions, invaluable links to the actual perpetrators of crimes, and could also deter some offenders from committing more serious offences. Clearly, DNA profiling tools have also aided forensic scientists to re-evaluate old cases that were considered closed as a result of inadequate evidence. In carrying out this review, a comprehensive electronic literature search using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Google Search were used, and all works meeting the subject matter were considered, including reviews, retrospective studies, observational studies and original articles. Case reports presented here, further demonstrates the crucial role of forensic DNA profiling in mitigating and providing compelling evidence for the resolution of crimes. For case report 1, there was a 100% match between the DNA recovered from the items found in the crime scene, and the suspect’s DNA sample collected via buccal swab following 15 STR loci examination. Case report 2 further highlights the indispensable contribution of DNA database in solving crime. Therefore, it has become very necessary for developing countries like Nigeria to develop a national DNA database and make policies and legislatures that will further expand and enable the practice of forensic genetics, particularly DNA profiling.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of Solanium melongena Fruits supplemented diet on hyperglycemia, overweight, liver function and dyslipidemia in male New Zealand rabbits fed high fat and Sucrose solution diet. A qualitative phytochemical analysis of Solanium melongena fruits extract was performed using standard methods and phytochemical analysis showed presence of saponin, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, tannins, steriods and terpenoids. A total of twenty male male New Zealand rabbits with mean weights between 489.00±8.0 to 493.00±10.5g were divided into five ( 5) groups (n=4), normal control group was fed normal rabbit chow and experimental groups were fed high fat diet and 30% sucrose solution. Body weights, blood sugar levels, key liver enzymes and lipid profile were examined, and the results demonstrated that, diet supplemented with 10% and 20% of Solanium melongena fruit possess a hypoglycemic ability, could aid weight reduction, restored liver function and acted as a good regulator of lipid profile levels.

The main aim of forensic science is to gather intelligence to enable the judge to credible and logical decisions in the court by means of scientific approach through evaluation of evidence for the administration of justice, and country around the world now considers forensic methodology as the gold standard for criminal investigation. Therefore, the present study examined the level of awareness on the relevance of forensics in criminal investigation in Nigeria. The design used in this study is the survey research design and the sample size of this study was a total of one hundred personnel of law enforcement and the judiciary. The study adopted descriptive statistics which involves the use of frequency and percentage. The result of the present study revealed that the participants were distributed socio-demographically as follows; there was an observable higher number of male participants (68%) relative to the female participants (32%), As per age distribution, a larger population of the participants were found to be > 40 years of age with 55%, and it was observed that age between 35-39 years ranked the least with 15%. On educational level, the result of the present study revealed that majority of the participants possesses a bachelor’s degree as the highest level of educational qualification with 75% from a pool of 100% of participants. The present study further examined responses on the relevance of forensics in criminal investigation, and the result revealed an inadequate level of awareness on the relevance of forensics in criminal investigation. Therefore, the study recommends that the Nigerian Police Force and the Judiciary should collaborate with Universities running programs on forensics for trainings.

Pieces of evidence have continued to emerge, demonstrating the extensive efficiency and effectiveness of the DNA database in assisting criminal investigations around the world. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the awareness level on the prominent role of Forensic DNA Database on Crime Investigation in Nigeria: a case study of Benin City. In conducting this research, a total of 458 questionnaires were distributed around Benin City between the periods of 12th January 2020 to 21st March 2020, with a particular focus on security agents and students. The questionnaire comprised of three main categories: Socio-demographic characteristics, Information about the National Forensic DNA Database, and Information about DNA evidence, and Nigeria Criminal Justice system. For the analysis of data collected; the statistical tool used was also Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 22 for windows. Responses were compared using chi-square and presented as counts and percentages. In determining the level of awareness, the following responses were obtained. Of the total population: 53.28% had no idea about forensics, 19.21% were uncertain and 27.54% knew about forensics. The same trend was observed with Forensic DNA profiling, 42.14% did not know, 22.27% were uncertain and 35.59% demonstrated good knowledge of Forensic DNA profiling. On the knowledge about the National Forensic DNA Database, 48.47% had no knowledge, 22.27% were uncertain and 29.26% were knowledgeable about it. The result of the present study revealed that the awareness level of the forensic DNA Database was found to be inadequate.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen with the potential to cause serious surgical wound infections and remains a major problem especially in developing countries of the world. This has led to investigating antimicrobial actions of fractionated Moringa oleifera leaf extract on multidrug Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Isolation of P. aeruginosa strains from post-surgical wound in two locations used for the study, antibiotics susceptibility testing, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening were carried out using standard procedures followed by antibacterial testing of the different M. oleifera leaf extracts on selected multidrug resistant isolates. The results showed that 99 (35%) of patients studied had wound infection out of the total 284 samples collected. Thirty-four (54.8%) P. aeruginosa strains were found to show multidrug resistant ability from both locations studied. Qualitative analysis of phytoconstituents revealed the presence of flavonoid, phenol, saponins, steriods, tannin and terpenoids. Quantitative analysis showed that the different phytochemical recorded varying amount. Antibacterial assay results revealed that M. oleifera leaf n-hexane extract exhibited highest antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa strain NAPCC-1 followed by methanol and aqueous methanol all at a concentration of 100 mg/ml while aqueous methanol best inhibited P. aeruginosa strain KAR12 growth followed by methanol then n-hexane extract. The varying effect could be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals in the different M. oleifera leaf extracts. The result of this study has shown the potentials of M. oleifera extracts as antibacterial agent by inhibiting the growth of the test organisms isolated from post-surgical wound infection.