Objectives: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and etiological aspects of rhythmic emergencies at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted in the cardiology and internal medicine department of the University Hospital of Brazzaville from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2016. Were included, all patients admitted for a severe rhythm disorder diagnosed on the surface electrocardiogram. Rhythmic emergency was defined as a severe rhythm disorder of abrupt onset and required rapid management. Data entry and analysis were performed with Epi Info software version 3.5.1. Results: During the study period, 2269 patients were hospitalized, including 138 for a rhythmic emergency. The frequency of rhythmic emergencies was 6.1%. The patients were divided into 76 women and 62 men (sex ratio = 0.81). The mean age of the patients was 63.1 ± 16.9 years (extremes: 17 and 91 years). The socio-economic level was low for 103 patients (74.6%), medium for 26 (17.7%), and high for nine (6.6%). The average time to consultation was 13.7 ± 12.3 days. On admission, the signs were: heart failure (103 cases; 74.6%) including 22 acute cases; dyspnea (94 cases; 68%); palpitations (38 cases; 27.5%); functional impotence (13 cases; 9.4%); collapse (nine cases; 6.5%); chest pain (two cases; 1.4%). The type of rhythmic emergency was: rapid atrial fibrillation (103 cases; 74.6%), ventricular tachycardia (14 cases; 10.1%), junctional tachycardia (10 cases; 7.2%), rapid atrial flutter (10 cases; 7.2%), tachysystole