This research work determined the similarities and differences of the management practices and entrepreneurial competencies of micro business and small business owners in Ilocos Norte.This study focused on the similarities and differences of the management practices of micro business and small business owners in the Province of Ilocos Norte. It looked into the entrepreneur profile such as personal characteristics, entrepreneurs' competencies and on the organizational profile and management practices. The respondents consisted of two groups; a sample of business owners coming from the different municipalities namely Badoc,

OTOP Philippines supports micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to manufacture, offer and market distinctive products or services through the use of indigenous raw materials and local skills and talents. It is a government program that supports micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to manufacture, offer, and market distinctive products or services through the use of indigenous raw materials and local skills and talents. Here in Ilocos Norte, One-Town-One-Product program is being spearheaded by the local chief executives of the different municipalities and towns and the Department of Trade and industry. Through several local ordinances, the different towns and cities have identified their own products under the program which will receive the support of the government and of the Department of Trade and Industry.This research aimed to find out the economic impact of One Town One Product program of the government in the Province of Ilocos Norte. The OTOP owners in Ilocos Norte are already adult, dominated by college graduate and married women. Most of them have not attended seminars and trainings and are not members of professional organizations. Majority of the OTOP businesses in Ilocos Norte have existed for 16-20 years and are engaged in manufacturing and most of them are sole proprietor. The Government agencies like the Department of Trade and Industry and Department of Science and Technology had assisted the OTOP businesses through skills training and business counseling. It was found out that employment has the biggest impact on the OTOP program in Ilocos Norte.

The study investigates the effects of the pandemic brought about by Covid-19 on Ilocos businesses and establishments. The study participants were the owners of micro, small and medium businesses in Ilocos Norte, and they were selected using a convenience sampling technique. The study employed a quantitative research design, and the entrepreneurs were asked about the perceived impact of Covid-19. Using descriptive statistics, the findings divulged that the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the businesses ranged from retrenchment of employees, disruption in the supply chain, and temporary to permanent shutdown. The impact of the pandemic includes uncertainties, the decline in productivity, demand, and sales. Implications, conclusions, and recommendations were also provided in the study.

The study investigates the association of the learners' preferences of students and perceived academic stress and the mediating impact of students’ attitudes towards online education. The study participants were the students of the seven major universities and colleges in Ilocos Norte, and they were chosen using a convenience sampling technique. The study employed a quantitative research design and a casual research approach to measure the relationship between learning preferences and perceived academic stress and the mediating effect of students’ attitudes towards online education. Using linear regression, the findings revealed a low positive relationship between learning preferences and perceived academic stress. Moreover, concerning the mediating effect of the students’ attitudes towards online education, using structural equation modelling, the results were that there was an established effect. Implications, conclusions, and recommendations were also provided in the study.

The study measures how the level of implementation of the top ten succession practices according to literature affect the perceived level of successful leadership transition of selected multigenerational Filipino family businesses and whether their organization profile has a significant moderating influence on the relationship of the two variables. The study surveyed a sample size of 71 respondents, each belonging to their own family business, and interviewed 10 among the respondents in order to gain a deeper understanding on the results. The results suggested that there is a strong positive correlation between the level of implementation of succession practices and the perceived level of successful leadership transition of the selected multigenerational Filipino family businesses regardless of their organization profile. It was found that family businesses highly implemented succession practices relating to communication, but the definition of the responsibilities of the predecessor after transition and measuring the performance of the leadership position were least implemented. The incorporation of the vision of the company in the succession plan in such a way that decisions were made with the company vision in mind was also found to be the most positively significant factor that affected the perceived level of successful leadership transition.