Abstract. Infectious diseases are the biggest cause of death in Indonesia after degenerative diseases. In Indonesia, the types of infectious diseases with the highest prevalence are Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARI) and diarrhea with prevalences of 9.3% and 8.0%, respectively. Infectious disease is a condition in which an infectious agent enters the body accompanied by clinical symptoms. Infecting agents can be pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. These infectious agents can be transmitted from sufferers to susceptible individuals, either directly or indirectly. Based on this background, this literature study aims to determine the most common pathogenic microorganisms that cause ARI and diarrhea and to determine the pattern of transmission based on the geographical and demographic conditions of Indonesia. The method used in this study is a Systematic Literature Review, the search for articles is carried out through reputable online journal publication sites. The results of this study showed that the most common pathogenic microorganisms found as the cause of ARI were influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria with an indirect transmission pattern, namely through the air, while the most common pathogenic microorganism found as a cause of diarrhea was Escherichia coli bacteria with its transmission pattern. is indirectly, namely through water. Abstrak. Penyakit infeksi merupakan penyakit penyebab kematian terbesar di Indonesia setelah penyakit degeneratif. Di Indonesia jenis penyakit infeksi dengan prevalensi tertinggi adalah Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) dan diare dengan prevalensinya 9,3% dan 8,0%. Penyakit infeksi merupakan kondisi adanya agen penginfeksi yang masuk kedalam tubuh dengan disertai adanya gejala klinik. Agen penginfeksi dapat berupa mikroorganisme patogen seperti bakteri, virus, jamur dan parasit. Agen penginfeksi tersebut dapat ditransmisikan dari penderita kepada individu yang rentan, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mikroorganisme patogen yang paling banyak ditemukan sebagai penyebab ISPA dan diare serta untuk mengetahui pola transmisinya berdasarkan kondisi geografis dan demografis Indonesia. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah Systematic Literature Review, pencarian artikel dilakukan melalui situs publikasi jurnal online yang bereputasi. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa mikroorganisme patogen yang paling banyak ditemukan sebagai penyebab ISPA adalah virus influenza dan bakteri Streptococcus pneumoniae dengan pola transmisinya adalah secara tidak langsung, yaitu melalui udara (air borne), sedangkan mikroorganisme patogen yang paling banyak ditemukan sebagai penyebab diare adalah bakteri Escherichia coli dengan p
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