The Ugi four-component reaction is versatile multicomponent reaction for generation of complex diversity, herein, we developed a novel methodology by using 4-((1-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)benzaldehyde as one of the components in Ugi 4CR that contains 1,2,3-triazole moiety which is a privileged molecule in medicinal chemistry to obtain Ugi adducts under room temperature ionic liquids as medium of solvent, then followed SN2 pathway cyclization to get triazole containing 2,5-diketopiperazine derivatives in good yield using basic ionic liquids as a catalyst.

Toe synthesis of new unsymmetrical A,B porphyrin, 5,10,15-tri(4-methoxyphenyl)-20-(4-chlorophenyl)-21H, 23H-porphyrin, 1, and its Zinc(II) complex, 5, 1 O, 15-tri( 4-methoxyphenyl)-20-( 4-chlorophenyl)-21, 23- Zinc(II)-porphine, l, was accomplished using both conventional and "one pot" solventless microwave assisted methods with interesting comparative results. The obtained molecules were characterized by 'H NMR, UV-Vis and MS. These molecules are considered to represent new compounds with potential application as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy.

Heterocyclic compounds play an important role in drug design and discovery, and they have been used to treat a variety of diseases, including cancer. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. However, various drugs and therapies are available on the market. The novel synthetic drugs show promising in vitro activity, but the route to clinical trials is hampered by their low bioavailability and rapid metabolism. Tetrazoles have gained a lot of attention in recent years because they have the broadest biological activity spectrum of any heterocycle. Tetrazoles are a type of nitrogen heterocycle that has been found to be active in a variety of natural products as well as the biologically active nucleus. A vast number of studies have demonstrated the importance of this moiety in medicinal chemistry. The tetrazole ring has a similar structure to carboxylic acids and functions as a bioisostere analogue. A bioisostere is a group of molecules that have similar physiological properties, including biological activity. Tetrazole derivatives have been shown to have anti-hypertension, anti-fungal, anti-malarial, anti-leishmaniasis, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and a variety of other biological activities. The tetrazole moiety functions as a good pharmacophore in the drug design and discovery fields, particularly in terms of rational drug design with high efficiency with structure and anti-cancer activity.

Nature offers plenty of opportunities to the researchers of different communities to explore heterocyclic compounds. Among the various magic heterocyclic scaffolds, chromane and chromanone are the most privileged heterocycles due to their omnipresence in most value-added chemical entities. On the other hand, spirocyclic heterocyclic moieties offer unique three-dimensional frameworks which can fit into the cavity of the proteins, including enzymes, thereby enhancing the biological properties. Considering the remarkable significance of spirocyclic systems of chromanes and chromanones, various novel strategies such as Kabbe condensation, organocatalyzed reactions, oxa/sulfa-Michael-Aldol cascade reaction, oxa-Michael/addition and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, among others, have emerged to access this precious heterocyclic architecture in good to excellent yields. This review summarizes the synthesis of a variety of spirochromane and spirochromanone derivatives covering the literature from 1991-2020. CONTENTS1. Introduction 2.1. Synthesis of spirochromanones 2.1.1. Kabbe condensation 2.1.2. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition 2.1.3. Organocatalyzed reactions 2.1.4. Miscellaneous 2.2. Synthesis of spirochromanes 2.2.1. Organocatalyzed Michael addition 2.2.2. oxa-Michael/1,6-addition reactions 2.2.3. Metal catalyzed reactions 2.2.4. Miscellaneous 3. Conclusion 4. References