This paper presents an estimation of the quantity of carbon fixed in trees in a one hectare (ha) plot at the Cerro Pelado-Gamboa Hydrology Tropical Observatory, which is located in the province of Colon, Panama. The estimation of carbon fixed in trees may provide significant information on carbon flux due to water circulation, which may ultimately enable evaluation of the carbon cycle. All trees larger than 10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) in the plot were investigated. Carbon fixed within these trees was estimated using a parameterized formula. Tree biomass estimations for the plot were 97.21 Mg ha −1. We identified a rare arboreal pear species (Euphorbiaceous) with higher carbon density than other trees in the plot. The presence of this apparently unique species may be due to specific soil characteristics. The method was evaluated by comparing the results with a second study performed in 2011, which resulted in an estimate of net new carbon (biomass) increment (NNCI), which gives 3.88 Mg ha −1 year −1. In general, the estimation of the biomass and associated carbon content found in this investigation are useful comparative data for economic evaluation of tropical forests in terms of capacity to capture carbon.
La pandemia del Covid-19 ha provocado la declaratoria de cuarentenas en casi todos los países del mundo, en Panamá se mantuvo un confinamiento estricto entre los meses de marzo y setiembre. A pesar de la importancia de la gestión de los residuos sólidos en las ciudades la información sobre el impacto de la cuarentena en la generación y composición de residuos no ha sido lo suficientemente recopilada y difundida. En este estudio se presenta una metodología innovadora para recolectar información sobre los residuos domiciliarios sin salir de casa. Este trabajo muestra los resultados de una encuesta cerrada sobre hábitos de generación y segregación de residuos en seis provincias del país y los datos de caracterización y composición de los residuos sólidos domiciliarios en tres distritos de la provincia de Panamá. Los resultados de las encuestas evidencian las deficiencias del servicio de recolección de residuos en diferentes zonas del país. La generación per cápita domiciliaria de la provincia de Panamá es 0.409 kg/hab./día (27% de error y 0.23 de desviación estándar), este valor es menor a otros hallados previamente lo que podría deberse a una disminución en la capacidad de compra de las familias ocasionada por el desempleo a raíz de la cuarentena. En la composición de residuos la proporción de residuos orgánicos y peligrosos aumentó. Los residuos orgánicos pueden haber aumentado por una mayor frecuencia y cantidad de alimentos preparados en casa. El aumento de residuos peligrosos es un indicador importante para emitir recomendaciones que reduzcan el riesgo del personal de servicio de recolección de residuos
The paper describes trends in climate change indices in the Republic of Panama by using long-term meteorological data sets from the Panama Canal and MRI-AGCM. Simple precipitation intensity index from eleven climate change indices shows the same trend, increasing at six meteorological stations around the Panama Canal. Forward projection (from 2080 to 2099) was carried out by using MRI-AGCM3.1S and 3.2S, which demonstrates an increase in simple precipitation intensity index in the entire area of Panama. The increase in simple precipitation intensity index may suggest that stronger precipitation will occur more frequently in the future in Panama.
Los sistemas de humedales artificiales son muy utilizados actualmente en muchos países como una forma de tratamiento secundario de aguas residuales. Esta técnica sirve para reducir los nutrientes como el fósforo y el nitrógeno que son los principales causantes de la eutrofización. En este artículo, se presentarán los resultados de la investigación sobre un modelo a escala de un humedal artificial de flujo subsuperficial vertical ascendente. Esta investigación fue realizada en la Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá. El funcionamiento del modelo se enfoca en la eficiencia de remoción de concentraciones variables de nitrato (NO3) (entrada y salida) y en cada punto de muestreo (entrada, tubo superficial, tubo medio, tubo profundo, salida) en el sistema, a diferentes niveles de oxígeno. Mediante la prueba de trazador químico de cloruro de sodio, se obtuvo el tiempo de retención hidráulico real de 23 horas. Este tiempo representa el lapso de tiempo que demoraría el agua sintética en recorrer los estratos para ser depurada.
The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the Americas, the continent with the highest number of COVID-related deaths according to WHO statistics. In Latin America, strict confinement conditions at the beginning of the pandemic put recycling activity to a halt and augmented the consumption of plastic as a barrier to stop the spread of the virus. The lack of data to understand waste management dynamics complicates waste management strategy adjustments aimed at coping with COVID-19. As a novel contribution to the waste management data gap for Latin America, this study uses a virtual and participatory methodology that collects and generates information on household solid waste generation and composition. Data was collected between June and November 2021 in six countries in Latin America, with a total of 503 participants. Participants indicated that the pandemic motivated them to initiate or increase waste reduction (41%), waste separation (40%), and waste recovery (33%) activities. Forty-three percent of participants perceived an increase in total volume of their waste; however, the quantitative data showed a decrease in household waste generation in Peru (−31%), Honduras (−25%), and Venezuela (−82%). No changes in waste composition were observed. Despite the limited sample size, this data provides a much-needed approximation of household waste generation and composition in the pandemic situation during 2021. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10661-022-10771-9.
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