The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a large number of the world’s cities to establish quarantines. Much has been said about the environmental impacts of the confinement; however, very little data have been collected related to household waste generation and composition. In this study, the authors propose a novel methodology for the characterization of household waste without having to leave home, by using virtual training and completing forms. The results of the evaluation carried out in late September 2020 in three districts in the Arequipa province, Peru (Districts A, B and C) are presented. A total of 246 people participated in a survey on waste generation and segregation habits, and 44 people participated in the waste characterization study. Taking into account the error of the study, it can only be stated with certainty that waste generation decreased only in District B. The percentage of organic waste declined in Districts A and B, and increased in District C. Composition of hazardous and sanitary wastes increased significantly in all three districts. Each household generated an average of two to four masks and one pair of gloves per week.
The Covid-19 pandemic has caused the alteration of many aspects of the solid waste management chain, such as variations in the waste composition, generation and disposal. Various studies have examined these changes with analysis of integrated waste management strategies; qualitative studies on perceived variations and statistical evaluations based on waste collected or disposed in landfills. Despite this information there is a need for updated data on waste generation and composition, especially in developing countries. The objective of this article is to develop a data sampling and analytical approach for the collection of data on household waste generation and composition during the pandemic; and, in addition, estimate the daily generation of masks in the study area. The proposed methodology is based on the principles of citizen science and utilizes virtual tools to contact participants, and for the training and collection of information. The study participants collected the information, installed segregation bins in their homes and trained their relatives in waste segregation. The article presents the results of the application of the methodology in an urban district of Lima (Peru) in August 2020. The results suggest an apparent decrease in household waste per capita and a slight increase in plastics composition in the study area. It is estimated that each participant generates 0.124 masks per day and 0.085 pairs of gloves per day. The method developed and results presented can be used as a tool for public awareness and training on household waste characterization and segregation. Furthermore it can provide the necessary evidence to inform policy directives in response household waste issues and Covid-19 restrictions.
En el Perú la pandemia del COVID-19 conllevó a una cuarentena estricta desde el 15 de marzo, condición que se extendió en la provincia de Arequipa hasta el 17 de setiembre. Esta situación ha producido una serie de cambios ambientales entre los que se encuentra las variaciones en la generación y composición de residuos sólidos domiciliarios, información que a diferencia del impacto de la cuarentena en el agua o el aire no ha sido lo suficientemente recopilada y difundida. En este estudio se presentan los resultados de la caracterización de residuos sólidos domiciliarios realizado por el Equipo Técnico de Residuos Sólidos de la Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería en 8 distritos de la provincia de Arequipa que contó con la participación de 25 hogares. Se recopilaron datos de hábitos de generación y segregación de residuos sólidos y, luego de recibir la capacitación respectiva, los participantes proporcionaron información sobre la cantidad y composición de sus residuos generados durante 7 días (entre el 1 y 7 de setiembre). La generación per cápita del estudio fue 0.373 kg/hab./día, este valor es menor al provincial de Arequipa (0.49 kg/hab./día) lo que puede explicarse por una disminución en la capacidad de adquisición de las familias durante la cuarentena. En la composición de residuos resalta el alto porcentaje de sobras de comida (15.53%) que puede deberse a un aumento en la frecuencia con la que se cocina, mayor cantidad de alimentos preparados, almacenamiento inadecuado o un exceso en la cantidad de alimentos comprados.
La pandemia del Covid-19 ha provocado la declaratoria de cuarentenas en casi todos los países del mundo, en Panamá se mantuvo un confinamiento estricto entre los meses de marzo y setiembre. A pesar de la importancia de la gestión de los residuos sólidos en las ciudades la información sobre el impacto de la cuarentena en la generación y composición de residuos no ha sido lo suficientemente recopilada y difundida. En este estudio se presenta una metodología innovadora para recolectar información sobre los residuos domiciliarios sin salir de casa. Este trabajo muestra los resultados de una encuesta cerrada sobre hábitos de generación y segregación de residuos en seis provincias del país y los datos de caracterización y composición de los residuos sólidos domiciliarios en tres distritos de la provincia de Panamá. Los resultados de las encuestas evidencian las deficiencias del servicio de recolección de residuos en diferentes zonas del país. La generación per cápita domiciliaria de la provincia de Panamá es 0.409 kg/hab./día (27% de error y 0.23 de desviación estándar), este valor es menor a otros hallados previamente lo que podría deberse a una disminución en la capacidad de compra de las familias ocasionada por el desempleo a raíz de la cuarentena. En la composición de residuos la proporción de residuos orgánicos y peligrosos aumentó. Los residuos orgánicos pueden haber aumentado por una mayor frecuencia y cantidad de alimentos preparados en casa. El aumento de residuos peligrosos es un indicador importante para emitir recomendaciones que reduzcan el riesgo del personal de servicio de recolección de residuos
The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the Americas, the continent with the highest number of COVID-related deaths according to WHO statistics. In Latin America, strict confinement conditions at the beginning of the pandemic put recycling activity to a halt and augmented the consumption of plastic as a barrier to stop the spread of the virus. The lack of data to understand waste management dynamics complicates waste management strategy adjustments aimed at coping with COVID-19. As a novel contribution to the waste management data gap for Latin America, this study uses a virtual and participatory methodology that collects and generates information on household solid waste generation and composition. Data was collected between June and November 2021 in six countries in Latin America, with a total of 503 participants. Participants indicated that the pandemic motivated them to initiate or increase waste reduction (41%), waste separation (40%), and waste recovery (33%) activities. Forty-three percent of participants perceived an increase in total volume of their waste; however, the quantitative data showed a decrease in household waste generation in Peru (−31%), Honduras (−25%), and Venezuela (−82%). No changes in waste composition were observed. Despite the limited sample size, this data provides a much-needed approximation of household waste generation and composition in the pandemic situation during 2021. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10661-022-10771-9.
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