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Abstract:Background: Age related bone loss is widely accepted as related to decreased serum-levels

Two patient-materials with esophageal carcinoma are analyzed: a group of 22 patients who, during the period 1971-1974, were treated with esophageal resection followed by esophagogastrostomy or colonic interpolation; a second group of 28 patients from 1975-1978, who were treated in the same way, but also given either preoperative or postoperative radiation therapy, or both. Surgical mortality was about the same in the two groups: 25-32%. The group given radiation therapy had a one-year survival rate of 50%, as compared with 23% in the group treated solely with surgery. All 24 patients given combined therapy, with all or part of the absorbed dose of 24-47 Gy given preoperatively, showed vital cancer in resected specimens. Vital cancer was found in the periesophageal nodes in only six patients (25%), however; patients given no preoperative radiation therapy had tumor in 20 of 26 cases (77%; P less than 0.01). Celiac nodes were resected at laparotomy; when malignancy was found, the celiac region was irradiated postoperatively. This finding does not appear to exclude long-term survival, as two patients with metastases to the celiac nodes at operation are alive 16 and 20.5 months following surgery. Simple compared to troublesome dissection gives a better rate of survival. The spleen was unintentionally injured in 21 patients at laparotomy and had to be removed. One-year survival was better in patients with intact spleen, especially in those who also had radiation therapy. Patients with resected spleen succumbed from metastases more often than from mediastinal recurrence, as compared with the patients with intact spleen.

AimThe aim was to study the association between weight, mental health and experience of being bullied in 12‐year‐old children. Additional aim was to investigate the impact of childhood psychosocial risk factors for overweight and obesity at age 12.MethodsStudy participants were members of a Swedish prospective cohort study. A total of 573 children were followed from pregnancy to age 12. IOTF‐BMI at 12 years of age was used to categorise normal weight, overweight and obesity. Mothers, children and teachers filled out questionnaires on child mental health and experience of being bullied at age 12.ResultsIn bivariate analysis, girls with obesity reported significantly more behavioural problems than normal weight and overweight peers; however, no significant differences in mental health was noted between different weight categories when controlling for gender, experience of life events and socio‐economic factors. Overweight and obesity were associated with experience of being bullied after controlling for gender, experience of life events and socio‐economic factors (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.08‐3.91).ConclusionChildren with overweight and obesity are at increased risk of being bullied compared with normal weight peers. No significant differences in mental health were noted between children with obesity, overweight and normal weight in multivariate analysis.

The histochemical enzyme pattern in normal, extra‐hepatic bile ducts from rabbits was studied. A difference between the duct epithelium and the crypt epithelium was noted mainly in the activity of gamma‐glutamyl‐transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase which only stained positively in the crypts. No difference from the normal enzyme pattern was noted after diversion of the bile flow for up to 30 days.