Family involvement in schooling can benefit young children, teachers, and families. Family involvement in schools can be influenced by both school-related and family-related factors. School-related factors include teachers' attitudes toward families, and school and teacher expectations. Family-related factors include ethnicity, prior school experiences, and family work schedules. Teachers who recognize and understand these influences can employ a variety of strategies to facilitate the involvement of families in the school experience of young children.

This paper offers a framework for examining technology spillovers extant between research teams. A policy-relevant finding is that firms' research organizations must strive to absorb foreign technology. The result of a technology spillover imbalance or asymmetry is that from a country or policy perspective, even for countries sustaining a superior number of world-class research teams, a comparative technological advantage may be lost if the domestic R/D teams fail to absorb and exploit technology as aggressively as foreign rivals.