The standard Gibbs energy of ion transfer at the 1,2-dichloroethane/water interface ( ∆ !" ∘,!→! ) was determined for 26 organic cations and 24 anions by means of ion-transfer voltammetry with a micro oil/water interface. Based on the data sets, a theoretical analysis was performed with the non-Bornian solvation model, in which the solvation energy of an organic ion is evaluated from local electric fields on the surface of the ion. The semi-empirical equations thus obtained are available for relatively accurate prediction of ∆ !" ∘,!→! for organic ions. The mean absolute error was 1.9 or 3.1 kJ mol -1 for cations or anions, respectively, corresponding to the error of ~20 or ~30 mV in the standard ion-transfer potential. In this paper, energy decomposition has been performed to discuss different contributions to ∆ !" ∘,!→! from the "hydrated" (strongly charged) and positively and negatively charged "non-hydrated" (moderately charged) surfaces as well as from the hydrophobic interaction (cavity formation energy).

The natural pigment fucoxanthin has attracted global attention because of its superior antioxidant properties. The haptophyte marine microalgae Pavlova spp. are assumed to be promising industrial fucoxanthin producers as their lack of a cell wall could facilitate the commercialization of cultured cells as a whole food. This study screened promising Pavlova strains with high fucoxanthin content to develop an outdoor cultivation method for fucoxanthin production. Initial laboratory investigations of P. pinguis NBRC 102807, P. lutheri NBRC 102808, and Pavlova sp. OPMS 30543 identified OPMS 30543 as having the highest fucoxanthin content. The culture conditions were optimized for OPMS 30543. Compared with f/2 and Walne's media, the use of Daigo's IMK medium led to the highest biomass production and highest fucoxanthin accumulation. The presence of seawater elements in Daigo's IMK medium was necessary for the growth of OPMS 30543. OPMS 30543 was then cultured outdoors using acrylic pipe photobioreactors, a plastic bag, an open tank, and a raceway pond. Acrylic pipe photobioreactors with small diameters enabled the highest biomass production. Using an acrylic pipe photobioreactor with 60-mm diameter, a fucoxanthin productivity of 4.88 mg/L/day was achieved in outdoor cultivation. Thus, this study demonstrated the usefulness of Pavlova sp. OPMS 30543 for fucoxanthin production in outdoor cultivation.

Parallel artificial membrane permeation assay (PAMPA) was performed for nine amine drugs and their permeability coefficient (log %&'%&) was determined at different pH's. The previously developed digital simulation method was successfully used to reproduce the sigmoid-like pH dependence of log %&'%& , and the distribution coefficient (log),+) to the lipid-containing dodecane membrane could be determined for all the amine drugs studied. The thus determined log),+ values showed a linear free-energy relationship with the standard ion-transfer potential (∆-. ∘ ; R 2 = 0.754) and the distribution coefficient (log) ; R 2 = 0.891), which were previously determined by ion-transfer voltammetry with the 1,2-dichloroethane|water interface. On the other side, we can predict ∆-. ∘ very accurately by a previously proposed solvation model called the "non-Bornian" model. These findings suggest a possible strategy for perfect in silico prediction of the membrane permeability of drugs.

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