Despite the significant variations among the cultural and ethnic structures of different societies, personal interactions have priority in establishing satisfying dental service.

SUMMARYObjective: This study investigated the radiopacity of six commercially available flowable composites by using a digital image analysis method to determine the mean gray values of the materials.Methods: The flowable resin composites evaluated in this study were Clearfil Majesty Flow, Estelite Flow Q, Tetric N Flow, Esthet X Flow, Filtek Supreme XT Flow and Gradia Direct LoFlo. Ten sample discs (6 x 1 mm) for each group were prepared and 1-mm thick slices were obtained from freshly-extracted teeth for the control group. The mean gray values (MGVs) of each specimen and aluminum (Al) stepwedge were measured by using the histogram function of a computer graphics program. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the significance of the differences among the groups. For pairwise comparisons, the Tukey test was applied (α α=0.05). Results:The radiopacity values of Gradia Direct LoFlo, dentin and Estelite Flow Q were close to that of 1 mm Al. Tetric N Flow and Cl Majesty Flow were more radiopaque than enamel, whereas Filtek Supreme XT Flow had a similar radiopacity to enamel. Conclusion:The radiopacity of flowable composites varies considerably, and care must be taken when selecting an appropriate material to enable secondary caries detection under posterior composite restorations. INTRODUCTIONRadiopacity is an essential property for all restorative materials, 1 because adequate radiopacity allows the clinician to evaluate restoration integrity at subsequent Clinical RelevanceFlowable resin composites ranged in radiopacity from dentin equivalence to greater than that of enamel, making the product selection an important consideration for achieving adequate diagnostic contrast.

The MIC and LF are associated with neurovascular bundle variations in number, location and size. Therefore, clinicians should determine each of these anatomical structures on a case-by-case basis to recognize their presence and to take measures for the possible implications of various treatment options. These guidelines included leaving a 2 mm safety zone between an implant and the coronal aspect of the neurovascular bundle. To avoid neurovascular injury during surgery in the interforaminal area, guidelines were developed with respect to validating the presence of an anterior loop of the neurovascular bundle.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the amount of calcium loss, lesion depth, and the accuracy of storage phosphor plate (SPP) and film radiographs for the detection of artificial proximal demineralization. Methods: Standard enamel windows of extracted premolars were exposed to a demineralizing solution for 60 h, 80 h, 100 h and 120 h. Solutions were analysed for calcium concentration by atomic absorption spectrometer and the lesion depths were calculated by a specific formula. All teeth were radiographed with SPPs and F-speed films before and after acid application. Images were evaluated by five observers. Stereomicroscopic and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations were carried out to visualize enamel surfaces after acid exposure. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used for diagnostic accuracy (A z ). A z s were compared with factorial analysis of variance and t-tests. The relationship between A z s and lesion depths was determined with Pearson's correlation test. Results: Strong positive correlation was found between A z s of both radiographic methods and lesion depths. No difference was found between the A z s of two radiographic systems for any of the demineralization durations (p . 0.05). Pair-wise comparisons revealed no significant difference in A z s of SPPs (p . 0.05), while significant differences were obtained for the A z s of films for different demineralization periods (p , 0.05). Stereomicroscopic and SEM observations confirmed demineralizations from superficial to deeper layers of enamel. Conclusion: Subsurface enamel demineralization was not accurately detectable with either storage phosphor plates or F-speed films. The amount of calcium loss and the depth of demineralization have a strong relationship with diagnostic accuracy with a significant effect particularly on F-speed films.