Due to an increasing interest to add functionality in various products, versatile electronics manufacturing methods are needed for numerous applications. In this letter, ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antennas manufactured by brush-painting directly on wood veneer substrate were examined. Silver and copper nanoparticle inks were used in antenna manufacturing. According to our measurements, brush-painted silver and copper nanoparticle UHF RFID tags showed read ranges of 5 and 3 m, respectively, even when embedded inside wood layers. These read ranges are sufficient for many applications, e.g., in construction and packaging industry, where wood is a common material. The novel manufacturing process, its applications, and the achieved tag performance results are presented in this letter.

The integration of electronics and wood is an interesting research area due to the increasing interest to add functionality into various wooden products. The passive RFID-based humidity sensor tag prototype, presented in this paper, is fabricated directly on plywood substrate to be embedded into wooden structures, by using brush-painting and photonic sintering of cost-effective silver ink. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of brush-painted antennas as sensor elements. The developed sensor tag is fully passive and small in size, meaning it can be permanently enclosed into wooden structures. In addition, the sensor tag has all the functionalities of an ordinary passive UHF RFID tag, and a peak read range of about 10 meters. The sensor performance was evaluated in normal room conditions, after two 100% relative humidity tests, and after drying in normal room conditions for 9 days. According to the results, the fabricated UHF RFID-based humidity sensor tags have a great potential to be utilized in humidity sensing applications, and also in normal automatic identification and supply chain control of various wooden products. In addition, the first results of more cost-effective brush-painted copper UHF RFID tags on plywood substrate are presented.

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