There are many different studies about the epidemiology and characteristics of maxillofacial fractures. In the authors' clinic a study was done regarding the characteristics of patients with maxillofacial fractures. 553 patients were investigated retrospectively. The causes, localizations, fracture types, treatments modalities, and complications were evaluated. The most common cause of maxillofacial fractures was traffic accidents (90.15%) followed by interpersonal violence (2.71%). The most common fracture site was the parasymphisis (30.9%) in mandibular fractures and the orbital rim in midface fractures. Young (26-41 years of age) male (82.64%) patients were more prone to maxillofacial injury. The most common treatment modality is rigid fixation with miniplates. This study concerns the fracture types, localizations, and ideal treatment methods according to these characteristics and complications. From such data, the ideal treatment method depends not only on the fracture type and localization but also the surgeon's experience and preference.

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the spleen is a rare benign tumor with unknown etiology. It causes problems in the diagnosis because of mimicking some hematopoetic malignancies. Here we report the case of a 36-yr-old woman complaining of nausea and insomnia. Laboratory investigations were limited to increase of leukocyte and thrombocyte count. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed circumscribed solid lobulated mass, measuring about 6.5 cm in diameter, located in the dorsal region of the spleen. Splenectomy was performed with the differential diagnosis including hamartoma and lymphoma of the spleen. Histological examination of the sharply demarcated splenic mass consisted of myofibroblasts and admixture of inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were performed. IPT of the spleen was diagnosed. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was detected in the tumor by in situ hybridization. This rare entity is presented because of its clinical, radiological and pathological difficulties in the differential diagnosis.

Chronic complications are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the diabetic population. The intrarenal resistive index (RI) has been reported to be increased in hypertensive subjects with microalbuminuria and limited data is present for diabetic subjects. 101 subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were included in the study. We grouped the study population according to the urinary albumin excretion (UAE). Group 1: UAE<30 mg/day (n=36); Group 2: UAE 30-300 mg/day (n: 37); Group 3: UAE>300 mg/day (n: 28). We also grouped the study population according to the intrarenal RI value. Group I consisted of subjects with RI≥0.70 and group II<0.70. The mean intrarenal RI values of patients in group 3 were higher than those of group 1 and group 2 (0.72 vs. 0.69 p=0.048; 0.72 vs. 0.69; p=0.048 respectively). The duration of diabetes, hip circumference, and hs-CRP levels were statistically significantly higher in subjects with intrarenal RI≥0.70 compared to those with intrarenal RI<0.70 (p:<0.001, 0.048 and 0.0148 respectively). Presence of retinopathy and neuropathy was statistically significantly higher in subjects with intrarenal RI≥0.70 compared to those with intrarenal RI<0.70. RI may predict the development of microvascular complications in diabetic subjects.

The nose is the most commonly affected area by basal and squamous skin carcinomas of the head and neck area (D'Arpa et al. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009, 62:36-42). The nasolabial flap is a very well known local flap that provides excellent color and texture matches. However, its major drawback is that it requires a 2-stage procedure to restore an adequate nasal cheek groove (Karsidag et al. J Craniofac Surg. 2010;21:1887-1889). In the perforator flaps, there are numerous studies that describe flaps whose vascular supply depend on perforators from the fascial artery.We planned to harvest a perforator flap around the medial cheek area, which included one cutaneous perforator from the facial artery. Free-style facial artery perforator flaps and auricular conchal cartilage framework were performed in 9 patients who have alar defect due to malignancies.From September 2010 to December 2011, the free-style facial perforator artery flap was performed in 9 patients at the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of the Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Turkey. The whole flap was used to reconstruct the whole alar unit, which includes cartilaginous tissues.Our aim is to define a one-stage reconstruction technique with a perforator-based flap. Our flap is supplied by a perforating branch of the facial artery. We develop this method because of its reliable vascularization, that is, the possibility of performing one-stage technique with sensation preservation.In conclusion, we strongly recommend one-stage reconstruction in any kind of alar region defect with this versatile facial perforator flap.

Intraneural Hemangioma of the digital nerve is rare and so far three cases have been reported in the literature. We present a case of 12-year-old boy with painless soft tissue mass in the right hand and numbness on the radial aspect of the index finger. Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed an isointense subcutaneous lesion without discrete borders in the first web space classically of hemangioma with the radial digital nerve extension. On exploration, the intraneural extension of the hemangioma was confirmed and total resection, microsurgical primary digital nerve repair was done. The patient became better and at 6 months follow up the index finger sensation improved. The patient had no reccurence and he is still under follow up.