The background of this research is based on the degradation of the values of the archipelago insight in the policy of security, socio-cultural, legal, and national economic defense. The Wawasan Nusantara has become a vision for the development of the nation and state which has been long instilled by Indonesia's founders. In addition, President Joko Widodo's vision of becoming a maritime country towards a world maritime axis must be supported by the enthusiasm to implement the concept of Wawasan Nusantara in all aspects of maritime policies. The purpose of this study is to find a model for regulating the Wawasan Nusantara as an Indonesian maritime development strategy towards a world maritime axis which has been designed in the Draft Law on Wawasan Nusantara. This research produced an important finding that conceptually the insight of the archipelago is a paradigm, the perspective of the Indonesian nation about itself which includes geography, politics, socio-culture, defense, security, economy, and environment. The relationship between Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, and the archipelago insight is, Pancasila is an ideological foundation and basic norm for the birth of the archipelago insight. The Wawasan Nusantara is a legal principle that is the basis for the birth of written legal norms. It brought consequences that it is difficult to regulate Wawasan Nusantara in the form of a positive and operational legal norm. However, its norms and spirit have been accommodated in various laws and regulations of the maritime sector. Thus, Wawasan Nusantara doesn't need to be regulated in a special law.

Parking area is a type of strategic business needed by the community. however, one obstacle that often arises is security disturbances such as loss of consumer goods in vehicles. It is not uncommon for parking land owners to be reluctant to take responsibility for this loss. The purpose of this study was to describe the legal relationship between parking managers and consumers and to analyze the responsibilities of parking managers in the event of loss of goods in the vehicle. This article is based on doctrinal law research with statutory regulations approach and conceptual approach. The results of this study indicate that the legal relationship between the parking manager and the owner's consumer is an agreement for storing goods, not renting land. The legal consequence of the goods storage agreement in the parking agreement is to impose responsibility on the parking manager for the loss of the vehicle and the items in the vehicle.Keywords: parking area; agreement; legal responsibilityAbstrak Lahan parkir merupakan jenis usaha strategis yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat. namun, salah satu kendala yang sering muncul adalah gangguan keamanan seperti hilangnya barang konsumen di kendaraan. Tidak jarang pemilik lahan parkir enggan bertanggung jawab terhadap kehilangan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan hukum pengelola parkir dengan konsumen dan menganalisis tanggung jawab pengelola parkir dalam hal terjadinya kehilangan barang di dalam kendaraan. Artikel ini berdasarkan penelitian hukum doctrinal dengan pendekaran peraturan perundang undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hubungan hukum antara pengelola parkir dengan konsumen pemilik adalah perjanjian penitipan barang, bukan sewa-menyewa lahan. Konsekuensi hukum dari perjanjian penitipan barang dalam perjanjian parkir adalah membebankan tanggung jawab kepada pengelola parkir terhadap kehilangan kendaraan beserta barang yang terdapat di dalam kendaraan.Kata Kunci : lahan parkir; perjanjian; tanggung jawab hukum.

This research is based on the issue of sharks being caught by the fishermen at Tanjung Luar, East Lombok. According to an international agreement on the protection of endangered species and Indonesia’s national law, the activity of shark-catching should be limited or even prohibited. Nowadays, sharks as the top predator in the ocean are in the critical condition. Therefore, slow propagation, the limited number of babyshark, and long life cycle, makes them vulnerable against exploitation. This study aims to further investigate on Indonesia’s obligation based on international and national law related to the protection and conservation of sea natural resources, on which shark fishing is the primary case. In principle, this research is normative-legal research. The empirical research onducted by interview and observation are intended to complete the primary data. As the biggest archipelago state, Indonesia is obliged to obey its obligations under international law. The loss or damage of certain species, in this case, the shark in Indonesia will be affecting the global situation. However, the efforts to supervising the shark sale in Tanjung Luar should be the main concern for both local and central government.

Keywords : Principle of Proportionality, War and Weapon AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana peran hukum humaniter dalam mengatur perkembangan teknologi senjata dan hubungannya dengan prinsip proporsional. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif yang menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Perang tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan perkembangan teknologi. Perkembangan teknologi senjata beriringan dengan perkembangan manusia. Pada prinsipnya, manusia menggunakan teknologi tergantung pada zamannya. Martin van Creveld mengidentifikasi pembabakan sejarah persenjataan ke dalam empat fase yaitu age of tools, age of machine, age of system, dan age of automation. Perkembangan ini sudah pasti memiliki korelasi antara dampak perkembangan teknologi dengan perilaku manusia dalam berperang. Semakin modern sistem persenjataan yang digunakan dalam perang semakin banyak korban dan kerugian yang dihasilkan oleh perang tersebut. Hukum humaniter internasional bertujuan untuk mengurangi dampak perang. Prinsip proporsionalitas diharapkan dapat menjadi panduan bagi para pihak bahwa serangan tidak menyengsarakan, khususnya bagi penduduk sipil, meskipun hukum humaniter tertulis belum mengakomodir penggunaan senjata yang dihasilkan oleh perkembangan teknologi perang terbaru.Kata Kunci : Prinsip Proporsionalitas, Perang dan Senjata.

As a part of international community, which had ratify various of international agreements, Indonesia obliged to create national laws which compatible with international agreements. Since ratification of international agreements is not a final process which must comply by a state to abide the international agreements. The adjusment of national law whether with establish the new law or amendment the existed law, is repercussions of ratifications phase which state have to fulfill. One of Indonesia obligations, based on Geneva Conventions 1949 for the Protection of Victims of War, i.e common articles of Article 49 Geneva Convention I, Article 50 Geneva Convention II, Article 129 Geneva Convention III and Article 146 Geneva Convention IV is to establish national law on grave breaches of the convention and to prosecute the perpetrators. This article try to examine further on the Indonesia obligations based on th common articles and its implementaion in Indonesia, after 60 years of Indonesia accesion to the Geneva Conventions 1949 with the Law Number 59 Year 1958 on  Indonesia Participation on all of Geneva Conventions 1949.