Summary The data on the predictors and prognosis of acute liver injury (ALI) among patients in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, predictors and outcomes of ALI among patients with COVID‐19. A systematic review was conducted up to 10 June 2021. The relevant papers were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science, and the data were analysed using a Z test. A total of 1331 papers were identified and 16 papers consisting of 1254 COVID‐19 with ALI and 4999 COVID‐19 without ALI were analysed. The cumulative prevalence of ALI among patients with COVID‐19 was 22.8%. Male and having low lymphocyte levels were more likely to be associated with ALI compared with female and having higher lymphocyte level, odds ratio (OR): 2.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.03, 3.60 and mean difference (MD) −125; 95% CI: −207, −43, respectively. COVID‐19 patients with ALI had higher risk of developing severe COVID‐19 compared with those without ALI (OR: 3.61; 95% CI: 2.60, 5.02). Our findings may serve as the additional evaluation for the management of ALI in COVID‐19 patients.

Background:Stunting in children is one of the most significant barriers to human development, globally affecting approximately 162 million children under 5 years of age. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the development of communication and information media such as smartphones has encouraged the creation of various kinds of application-based health innovations known as mobile health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the utilization of android-based applications as a stunting prevention e-counseling program innovation in the Covid-19 pandemic era. Subjects and Method: This research was a systematic review. The articles were selected from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier. The keywords for this review are: prevention, education, stunting counseling, Covid-19, android-based stunting prevention application, stunting counseling application during the Covid-19 pandemic, application for stunting, android application for stunting. The search process to exclude the articles used for this literature review using the PRISMA method. Results: The results showed that the existence of an Android-based stunting prevention application innovation can make it easier for the public to monitor health, obtain the education, and provide counseling to health workers. This is in line with government policies during the Covid-19 pandemic which urges the public to limit activities. Conclusion:The conclusion of this study is android-based applications are very friendly if used by the wider community because they can access information anytime and anywhere, are more flexible, and affordable.

Background Although child malnutrition has been reducing, the coexistence in mothers and children of various forms of malnutrition has continued to rise around the world. In the Indonesian context, a knowledge gap exists on the coexistence of multiple malnutrition burdens. This study examines trends in the coexistence of the triple burden of malnutrition (TBM) among mother–child pairs living in the same house and explores multilevel (individual, household, and community) factors associated with TBM in Indonesia.Methods We used data from the 2013 and 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research, the nationally representative survey of the Indonesian population, as repeated cross-sectional surveys. The anthropometric measurements of the mother–child pairs and the hemoglobin levels of the children were collected. We employed a multilevel mixed-effects model to consider the hierarchical data structure. The model captured the role of cluster, district, provincial differences, and the individual, household, community-level, and TBM status characteristics.Results Of 3,891 mother–child pairs analyzed, 24.9% experienced TBM. Girls had 63% higher odds than boys of TBM (aOR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.30 to 2.03). Significantly lower odds were found in children of mothers who had a gestational age lower than 37 weeks (aOR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.94). At the household level, children with a father who had a high-school, primary-school, or no school education had significantly higher odds of TBM than children of fathers who had graduated from academy. Children of mothers who visited Antenatal Care (ANC) no more than 6 times had significantly lower odds (aOR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.88). Children of mothers who consumed Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) supplements had significantly lower odds.Conclusion TBM is related to characteristics at not just the individual level but also the family and community levels. To achieve significant outcomes, integrated nutrition interventions in Indonesia should also consider family and community factors.