Background: Hesperetin (Hst), a citrus flavanone, is widely distributed among citrus fruits, including lemons. Hst has been shown to possess bioactivity as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, hypolipidemic, vasoprotector, and anticancer agent. This study aimed to identify potential combinations of Hst and the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox) as co-chemotherapy agents against 4T1 murine metastatic breast cancer cells. Results: MTT assay results showed that Hst exhibited cytotoxic effect in 4T1 cells, and its combination with Dox showed a synergistic effect based on the CI value. The combination of Hst and Dox increased G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. The combination of Hst and Dox inhibited migration and decreased MMP-9 expression in 4T1 cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of this study show that Hst has potential as a Dox co-chemotherapy against 4T1 cells by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. More importantly, Hst reduces Dox-induced migration and decreases MMP-9 expression.

In Teaching and Learning Process, teachers have a very decisive position of successful learning, in the hands of successful or not achievement of teaching and learning goals in school. And as the driving force, the principal who is given the task to lead the school should also be able to develop and improve the performance of subordinates ie teachers. The result of this research is partial of headmaster's managerial competence, job satisfaction have positive and significant influence to teacher performance, while compensation has negative and insignificant effect on teacher performance in SMK Swasta in Batam City Riau Islands Province but simultaneously managerial competence, compensation and satisfaction work has a positive and significant impact on the performance of teachers in private SMK in Batam City Riau Islands Province.

Tamarindus indica L is a medicinal plant that has many benefits. One of the chemical compounds contained therein is the flavonoid quercetin type. The number of herbal products on the market makes the quality assurance of herbal products need to be done by performing the assay of the active compounds using validated methods. This study aims to validate the assay method quercetin in the extract of tamarind leaves. Tamarind leaf extract was macerated with hexane; then, it was re-macerated with 70% ethanol. The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The assay was performed using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method, and parameter validation specified in this study, including linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, and accuracy. Quercetin level obtained in extracts of tamarind leaves was at 21.52 mg/g. Based on the test method validation, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9999, the regression function coefficients (Vx0) was 0.59545%, LOD 0.1515 ppm, LOQ 0.4592 ppm, coefficient of variation precision was < 2%, and recoveries range was in 97-103%.

ABSTRAKPerangkat pembelajaran di sekolah terdiri dari silabus, RPP, LKS, bahan ajar, media dan instrumen penilaian. Berdasarkan hasil supervisi klinis masing-masing komponen perangkat belum mengarah pada keterampilan berpikir siswa sesuai dengan kurikulum 2013. Model pembelajaran yang digunakan belum sepenuhnya berpusat pada siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran hasil pengembangan topik klasifikasi makhluk hidup menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing di SMP yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian & pengembangan, menggunakan model ASSURE, namun hanya sampai evaluasi formatif saja. Subyek penelitian pada berbagai uji coba siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri Sungai Tabuk. Data diperoleh menggunakan berbagai instrumen melalui tes dan pengamatan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perangkat pembelajaran tergolong valid berdasarkan 1) rata-rata penilaian pakar sebesar 79,11% dengan kategori cukup valid dan 2) uji keterbacaan bahan ajar sebesar 75% dengan kategori baik dan LKS 100% dengan kategori sangat baik. Praktis berdasarkan 1) keterlaksanaan RPP mencapai 3,72 tergolong kategori sangat baik. 2) respon positif siswa terhadap proses pembelajaran mencapai 93%. Efektif berdasarkan 1) hasil belajar kognitif produk dan kognitif prosestuntas melebihi batas ketuntasan 75% yaitu 78,26%. 2). Hasil kinerja proses rata-rata 93,67% tergolong kategori sangat baik, 3) Kinerja psikomotor mencapai 96,4% tergolong kategori sangat baik, 4) Sikap spiritual (rasa syukur), 5) Perilaku berkarakter (disiplin, dan tanggung jawab), dan 6) Keterampilan sosial mencapai 100% tergolong kategori sangat baik, 7) Keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa mencapai 88,93% tergolong kategori sangat baik dan hasil belajar LKS sebesar 91,4% tergolong kategori sangat baik, 8) Aktivitas siswa > 10% tergolong kategori baik, siswa aktif dalam proses pembelajaran dan 9) Aktivitas guru < 10% tergolong kategori baik, keterlibatan guru dalam pembelajaran mulai mengalami peningkatan.Kata kunci: perangkat pembelajaran, klasifikasi makhluk hidup, inkuiri terbimbing ABSTRACT Learning media in the school is consisting of syllabus, lesson plan, workbook, material, media, and assesment instrument. Based on the clinical supervision on each components, the media are not yet covering the cognitive skill of the students based on the curriculum 2013 that the applied learning model is not yet student centered. The research is purposed to design a valid, practical, and effective learning media as a result from the clarification of organism topic using guided enquiry learning topic in junior high school. The type of the research is a research and development using ASSURE model limited to the formative evaluation. The subject of the research is several test on the seventh grade students of Sungai Tabuk Junior High School. The data is collected by using several instruments of test and observations. The data analysis is conducted through descriptive method. The result of the ...

Daun kelor merupakan tanaman yang memiliki banyak manfaat dibidang kesehatan. Beberapa diantaranya menyebutkan bahwa daun kelor memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam) terhadap bakteri P. aeruginosa. Kelompok uji terdiri dari 5 kelompok perlakukan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak daun kelor 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% dan 10%, kelompok kontrol positif, dan kontrol negatif. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan secara metode difusi sumuran. Inkubasi dilakukan pada suhu 37˚C selama 24 jam. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengukur diameter zona hambat. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun kelor terhadap bakteri P. aeruginosa menunjukkan adanya zona hambat pada konsentrasi ≥4%. Nilai zona hambat tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi 10% dengan rata-rata diameter zona hambat 19,60±0,67 mm. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun kelor mengandung flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid dan tanin. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun kelor memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri P. aeruginosa. Zona hambat yang terbentuk semakin besar seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak. Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Moringa oleifera, Pseudomonas aeruginosa