Although e-commerce is relatively new, it has been the cornerstone of international trade in the modern world. Broadly, e-commerce can be described as the process of buying, selling or exchanging any kinds of products, services and information via electronic channels. The economy is one of the areas directly affected by e-commerce, and as a result of this significant impact, the concept of the digital economy has emerged. It is complicated to define the concept of the digital economy as it continues to expand in scope day by day; however, its impact can broadly be experienced in many different fields. To set an example, the occurrence of the digital economy has already caused many significant changes in many areas, such as the examination of competition issues in the markets. It has significant effects on current EU competition law understanding, and it is evident that it will continue to form future prosperity. Therefore, this article aims to explain the general dynamics of the digital economy and digital markets as an important issue being discussed in EU competition law.
Teknolojinin gelişmesi ve internetin insan hayatının ayrılmaz bir parçası haline gelmesiyle birlikte tüketicilerin, mal veya hizmet satıcıları/sağlayıcıları ile fiziken bir araya gelmeden hukuki işlemler yapabilmesi oldukça yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu işlemler genellikle bireysel kullanıcı olan tüketicilerin günlük işlerini yürütmesini kolaylaştıran Amazon, Trendyol, Yemeksepeti gibi farklı çevrimiçi çok taraflı platformlar aracılığıyla gerçekleşmektedir. Günümüzde hemen hemen her tüketicinin bu platformlardan en az birini kullandığı görülmektedir. Bu ilişki 4077 Sayılı Tüketicinin Korunması Hakkında Kanun kapsamında mesafeli sözleşme ve 6563 sayılı E-Ticaretin Düzenlenmesi Hakkında Kanun kapsamında e-sözleşme olarak ifade edilmektedir ve ilgili kanunlarla bu ilişki içerisinde aracı hizmet sağlayıcı olan çevrimiçi çok taraflı platformlar için bazı sorumluluklar belirlenmiştir. Değişime ve gelişime müsait olan bu alanda belirlenen sorumlulukların da çağa ayak uydurur hale getirilmesi bir gereklilik haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle yukarıda belirtilen kanunlar üzerinde de 2022 yılında belirli değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Tüketicinin Korunması Hakkında Kanun ve E-Ticaretin Düzenlenmesi Hakkında Kanun üzerinde yapılan değişikliklerin aracı hizmet sağlayıcı olarak çevrimiçi çok taraflı platformların sorumluluklarını nasıl şekillendirdiği ve bu yeni sorumluluk mekanizmasının e-ticaret içerisinde tüketiciyi nasıl etkilediği tartışılmaktadır.
After World War II, a massive increase in global consumption resulted in consumer economies based on individual purchases of goods and services. People generally resort to varying degrees and types of credit to meet their needs, including consumer credit, hire purchase agreements, loans and mortgages, etc. Credit necessitates the institutionalisation of contracts (i.e. credit agreements) stipulating the conditions under which cash and other financial support applications are sold to consumers. Consumers who seek to engage in a contractual relationship for their personal needs and who are borrowers of the agreement need to be protected by law in order to strengthen their position against creditors, who have more knowledge and experience than consumers within consumer credit agreements. English Law was one of the first legal systems that secured this state of protection by law. Since it is one of the first regulations in this field, this study aims to explain the general definition and scope of consumer credit agreements in English Law, and accordingly, to discuss the place of consumer protection in legal systems by making a general assessment based on the approach of Turkish Law in this field.
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