ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi total bakteri, Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus), koliform, dan Escherichia coli (E. ), odds ratio (OR), dan relative risk (RR) digunakan untuk menentukan faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi total bakteri, S. aureus, koliform, dan E. coli pada susu kambing. Faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi total bakteri, S. aureus, koliform, dan E. coli dalam susu kambing adalah kebersihan kandang, tempat penampung susu, pengetahuan personal hygiene pemerah susu, mencuci ambing sebelum diperah, waktu dan banyaknya pemerahan.Kata kunci: Bakteri; susu kambing; faktor risiko ABSTRACTThe objective of this research is to determine the risk factors that affect the total bacteria, S. aureus, coliform, and E. coli in goat milk against SNI No 01-6366-2000 requirements. A total of 16 samples of goat milk from Sleman district were analyzed for total bacteria, S. aureus, coliform using dilution plate count, whereas E. coli count was based on biochemical reaction. Management of each dairy goat farm was recorded using questionnaires. The risk factors of total bacteria, S. aureus, coliform, and E. coli in goat milk were determined based on chi square ( χ 2 ) bivariate analysis, odds ratio (OR), and relative risk (RR). The risk factors that affected total bacteria, S. aureus, coliform, and E. coli in goat milk are cleanliness of stall, milk containers, personal knowledge of dairy hygiene, washing of the udder before milking, the time and the amount of milking.

ABSTRAKAvian influenza (AI) merupakan penyakit yang sangat mematikan pada ayam buras. Vaksinasi AI merupakan salah satu alternatif pencegahan penyakit AI. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas vaksin AI pada ayam buras yang dipelihara dengan sistem kandang kurung di Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta. Sebanyak 110 ekor ayam buras yang terdiri dari 100 ekor dara dan 10 ekor jantan digunakan dalam penelitian ini.

The effects of supplementation of biopls and rater in fiber rich ration on lambs. The assessment on the use of probiotic, which were bioplus and rater on lambs was carried out in two stages, the first stage was selection of the best ration among 12 experimental rations tested in vitro. The second stage was in vivo assessment using 50 rams which were divided into 2 treatments of ration. Treatment 1 (P1) was using the hihgest in vitro dry matter digestibility ration and treatment 2 (P2) was P1supplemented with bioplus and rater. Observation was carried out on daily feed consumption, average dailygains and financial margin. The results showed that ration containing 30% maize cobs, 10% peanut straw and 10% peanut shells, had the highest dry matter digestibility. Supplementation of bioplus and rater, increased daily weight gain (P<0.05) and profit margin calculated as an income over feed cost.

The objective of study was to determine the effect of calf starter in the pre-weaning calves against the daily body weight gain. Twenty Ongole grade (PO) calves age of 1 month divided into 4 treatment groups of feed, 5 calves for each treatment. Treatment (P1) fed with extra soybean groats; (P2) soybean groats 50% + Gliricidia 50%; (P3) soybean groats 50%+ rice bran 50%; (P4) soybean groats 50%+ rejected bread 50%. Calf starter was given at age 1 month to 3 months. Observation was carried out on calves daily weight gain. This experiment was designed in Completely Randomized Design. Data was  analyzed by analysis of variance and continued Least Significant Difference Test. Statistical analysis showed that feed of (P <0.05) significantly affected the daily weight gain of the calves. Results of the study can be concluded that calf starter with soya groats provide the best daily weight gain of pre-weaning calf.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the substitution of the rice bran and cassava meal by leftover bread in the diet of dairy cattle on milk production. The design of the experiment used was Latin Square Design. Five dairy cows were used in this trial, with five treatments of feed. Treatment (P1) the used of leftover bread as much as 30%, (P2) used leftover bread as much as 22.5%, (P3) the use of leftover bread as much as 15%, (P4) the use of leftover bread by 7.5% and (P5) use leftover bread by 0%. The feed was given for four weeks, then the feed intake and milk production were observed. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, if there were differences continued with Duncan Range Test. Results showed that the replacement of the rice bran and cassava meal up to 30% had no effect on feed intake and milk production. It can be concluded that the use of leftover bread to substitute rice bran and cassava can be done up to 30%.