No abstract

Higher legal standards regarding the data protection of individuals, such as the European General Data Protection Regulation, increase the pressure on developing lawful systems. In the development of technologies, not only developers are involved. It also requires knowledge from other stakeholders, such as legal experts, that lack technical knowledge but are required to understand IT artifacts. We see two strings that can benefit from the use of design patterns: first, the well-known use of design patterns to support developers in case of recurring problems. Second, we see potential that legal experts, who have to interact with and understand complicated, novel technologies, benefit from the same patterns. We conduct a revelatory case study using design patterns to develop and assess a smart learning assistant. We scaffolded the case interpretation through the human-centered view of socio-materiality and provide contributions concerning the use of design patterns in the development and assessment of lawful technologies.

Design science projects are of great interest in information systems (IS) research. Typically, designoriented projects generate valuable design knowledge through the design and possible instantiation of artifacts. Although designing novel artifacts and accumulating design knowledge is common practice in IS, there is still limited shared knowledge about the distinctive characteristics of design knowledge to facilitate its accumulation. To address this issue, we develop a design knowledge taxonomy and contribute to a deeper understanding of design knowledge properties. The taxonomy is grounded on a systematic literature review, followed by a combination of empirical-to-conceptual and conceptual-to-empirical iterations. We evaluate the taxonomy by interviewing six domain experts and demonstrate its practical application and utility. Thus, the taxonomy consists of key dimensions and characteristics of design knowledge and contributes to a better scientific understanding of its characteristics. Practitioners can use the taxonomy as an instrument to further understand, design, and accumulate design knowledge.

Smart Home technologies are promising to enhance quality of life, autonomous living of elderly people and home security. Yet, uncertainty in terms of personal benefits, functionality, cost, privacy and security features influences potential users' decision processes. The vision of this research thus is to support end users' informed decision-making in terms of Smart Home technologies. We developed and tested a prototype of an interactive Smart Home configurator that provides users with targeted information according to their interests. It visualizes Smart Home processes and implications for privacy and security to increase transparency and reduce uncertainty in the decision-process. Ideas for further improving and extending the concept of the Smart Home configurator are discussed.

Higher legal standards with regards to data protection of individuals such as the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) increase the pressure on developing lawful technologies. The development requires feedback from stakeholders such as legal experts that lack technical knowledge but are required to understand IT artifacts. As a solution, patterns can support interdisciplinary system development. We demonstrate how design patterns can support legal experts in arguing about technologies in court by introducing a law simulation study which is a well-known evaluation method in law. Our results show that patterns support legal experts in their argumentation about technologies in court. We provide theoretical contributions concerning cognitive fit theory about how patterns act as a bridge between the internal and external representation of problems and improve problem-solving performance related to the legal assessment of technology. In addition, we provide practical guidance for codifying and communicating design knowledge through patterns.