<p>Penilaian terpadu yang komprehensif dan seimbang antara proses dan hasil belajar tersebut dilaksanakan dalam kerangka Penilaian Berbasis Kelas (PBK). Kimia merupakan ilmu yang diperoleh dan dikembangkan berdasarkan eksperimen, sehingga metode eksperimen sangat penting diterapkan dalam pembelajaran kimia. Pembelajaran kimia menekankan pada pemberian pengalaman belajar secara langsung melalui penggu- naan dan pengembangan keterampilan proses dan sikap ilmiah, sehingga <em>performance assessment </em>menjadi sangat penting. Proses penilaian dilaku- kan dengan langkah-langkah: perencanaan penilaian, pengumpulan in- formasi, pelaporan, dan penggunaan informasi tentang hasil belajar. Se- belum melaksanakan penilaian terhadap proses dan hasil belajar, guru harus membuat perangkat-perangkatnya agar penilaian yang dilakukan sesuai dengan kompetensi yang hendak diuji. Dalam makalah ini dibahas bagaimana mengembangkan instrumen untuk <em>performance assessment </em>se- bagai bentuk penilaian yang berkarakter kimia. Format instrumen dapat disusun dengan bentuk pedoman observasi, daftar cek, atau skala lajuan. Guru juga dapat mengembangkan instrumen <em>performance assessment </em>den- gan rubrik yang lengkap. Meskipun penggunaan rubrik ini relatif menyita waktu, akan tetapi dengan rubrik yang lengkap guru dapat mengungkap kualitas dan profil <em>performance </em>peserta didik. Contoh rubrik yang dapat dikembangkan meliputi kompetensi merangkai alat, menggunakan alat, melakukan eksperimen, mengelola zat sisa, mempresentasikan hasil eks- perimen, dan penilaian terhadap Laporan eksperimen.</p>
<p>Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang penentuan bahan pengawet benzoat pada saos tomat yang beredar di wilayah Kota Surabaya. Analisis dilakukan secara titrasi asam-basa yang sebelumnya, benzoat diekstraksi dengan pelarut di- etileter. Secara kualitatif ditemukan bahwa, semua saos tomat baik yang bermerek maupun tidak mengandung ba- han pengawet benzoat. Secara kuantitatif, kadar benzoat dalam saos tomat berkisar antara 600,12 dan 1271,86 mg/ kg. Saos tomat yang bermerek mengandung benzoat lebih rendah dari batas maksimum kadar benzoat yang diper- bolehkan sesuai Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 722/ MENKES/Per/IX/1988 (1000 mg/kg). Sementara itu, seki- tar 33% saos tomat yang tidak bermerek mengandung ben- zoat melebihi batas maksimum yang diperbolehkan.</p>
Fibers are materials with advantageous properties such as lightweight material properties, has small pore size, and has high surface area, porosity,and permeability. An easy and simple method to prepare fibers is electrospinning. Using this method poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fibers were prepared. Several parameters include polymer concentration, solution flow rate, the distance of the nozzle tip to the collector, and the applied voltage were investigated to control the morphology, structure, and diameter of PMMA fibers. The Optimal electrospinning conditions for PMMA fibers production were a PMMA concentration is 8% (w/v), a power supply voltage is 20 kV, a distance of the tip of the nozzle to the ground collector is 15 cm, and a flow rate is 0.004 mL/min. The diameter distribution and morphology of the fibers were determined and characterized by Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), which showed that the produced fiber had an average diameter of 1.4925 µm, the contact angle of fiber PMMA is 125.307o and the spreading time of fibers PMMA is about 360 minutes
Synthesis of bamboo charcoal from Javanese bamboo has been carried out at a temperature of 400°C with a yield of 30.86%. The syintesis of javanes bamboo charcoal by heating proses with activated using NaCl. Activated bamboo charcoal was characterized using reference to SNI 06-3730-1995 regarding technical activated charcoal including water content, volatile content, total ash content, carbon content, iodine absorption and absorption of methylene blue. Activated bamboo charcoal also characterized its functional groups using FTIR and morphology using SEM. The activated bamboo charcoal which has the characteristics of a water content of 4.36% (w/w), an ash content of 1.28%(w/w), a vapor content of 5.28%(w/w), a carbon content of 80.08% (w/w), an iodine absorption capacity of 1146.35 mg/g and the absorption capacity of Methylene blue 421.46 mg/g which according to SNI 06-3730-95 standards concerning activated charcoal. From the FTIR result activated bamboo charcoal shows an absorption at (1500-1600) cm−1, indicating the presence of a C=O bond, the hydroxyl group which is bound O-H (3400-3500) cm−1 and CO (1300-1400) cm−1 which is capable of absorb color and free fatty acids. The morphological characteristics of activated bamboo charcoal are more porous than non-activated bamboo charcoal, thereby increasing its surface area and adsorption ability. The ability of activated bamboo charcoal in processing used cooking oil is able to reduce turbidity, color and odor, water content, acid number and peroxide number of cooking oil after the adsorption process. The result showed that the water content is 0,08% (w/w), peroxide number 5.45 mek O2/Kg, FFA 0.24 mg KOH/g which fulfills SNI 3741: 2013 Standard.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.