In this article, we test whether an isolated information campaign can deter criminals by appealing to their apprehension risk perception. A randomized trial was conducted around 154 high crime housing blocks in Bogotá. With support of the Colombian Police, half of the blocks were exposed to a three month poster campaign reporting the number of “arrests around this street block” and half to a no-treatment control condition. The main outcome measure (total registered crime) and secondary outcome measures (calls to the emergency line for thefts and attacks, and minor wrongdoings) were provided by the Police. Additionally, trust in police, security perception, and police performance perception were measured among residents and workers in the treatment and control areas (N = 616) using a post-treatment survey. Measures were analyzed with linear regression analysis and two-sample t-tests. Over the course of the treatment period, premeditated crime was reduced, while spontaneous crime remained unchanged. Overall levels of crime were not significantly altered. Also, a moderate crime reduction is detectable during the first month of the treatment period. The posters were highly visible (93% of respondents in the treated areas recalled them) and positively received (67% “liked” them). Perceptions of security and police among locals improved, though not significantly. Inherent among residents of Bogotá is a pervasive feeling of impunity and low trust in authorities, making the city a hard test case for an offender-targeted advertising campaign. Initial reductions of crime and overall reductions of premeditated crime are thus noteworthy. These results align with key principles of apprehension risk updating theory.
Desde el institucionalismo histórico se describen las acciones desarrolladas por la Policía Nacional de Colombia en el año 2020 en el servicio de policía, con ocasión del escenario de emergencia sanitaria generado por la pandemia COVID 19, que cambió el entramado criminógeno y el comportamiento de actores criminales y el delito en el país. Por lo tanto, la policía utilizó un enfoque de policía proactiva y criminología táctica para la contención del crimen en Colombia, que se explica en este capítulo. Entre los principales resultados se destaca el uso de evidencia científica y la utilización de la criminología táctica como soporte de la planeación del servicio policial, para el diseño de acciones que estuvieron asociados con la disminución del homicidio en Colombia del 4,2%, evidenciando contención del repunte del delito como efecto de la reconfiguración del crimen en la coyuntura crítica del confinamiento. Asimismo, este capítulo puede ser un referente para los organismos de seguridad, que plantea una reflexión de las enseñanzas en la aplicación de un enfoque de policía proactiva en los cambios recientes del crimen durante el escenario de pandemia COVID-19.
El objetivo principal de este capítulo es hacer un balance crítico sobre avances, enfoques, perspectivas, resultados y limitaciones de los estudios sobre seguridad ciudadana en el mundo, con alusiones analíticas de su aplicación al caso colombiano. Para lo anterior, metodológicamente el capítulo propone una agrupación de todas las vertientes sobre seguridad ciudadana en tres campos a saber: teórico, estratégico y metodológico, con el propósito de dar un orden coherente al vasto campo investigativo en seguridad ciudadana. La propuesta del capítulo es exhaustiva, sin embargo, una de las limitaciones identificadas es que se suscribe al mundo de las democracias occidentales, lo que relega de la concepción de seguridad ciudadana lo implementado por otro tipo de regímenes políticos. Este balance crítico es una contribución novedosa porque aborda trabajos clásicos junto con investigaciones recientes sobre seguridad ciudadana. Se concluye subrayando sobre los avances más significativos que se han presentado en el campo de la seguridad ciudadana en las últimas cuatro décadas, así como su importancia en la toma de decisiones en seguridad basadas en evidencia y orientadas por teorías.
To determine the spatial-environmental characteristics of the districts which reported the largest number of homicides in Bogotá during the second semester of 2011, we undertook a descriptive-observational study within the framework of environmental criminology. The Questionnaire of Environmental Observation for the Spatial-Temporal Analysis of homicide in Bogotá was applied to 51 focal points of crime. The results show the predominance of spatial-environmental factors in the occurrence of homicide, backed by variables of the theory of disorder, territoriality, routine activity and the defendable space. As a consequence, the physical conditions seem to have facilitated the occurrence of crime and the perception of the potential murderer who is about to the commit one. These findings have enabled us to obtain empirical evidence for the development of strategies for the situational prevention of crime, and in particular, design defendable spaces, based on the implementation of differential multi-dimensional actions in the territory.
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