Criminologia ambiental e homicídio na cidade de Bogotá (Colômbia)

Abstract

To determine the spatial-environmental characteristics of the districts which reported the largest number of homicides in Bogotá during the second semester of 2011, we undertook a descriptive-observational study within the framework of environmental criminology. The Questionnaire of Environmental Observation for the Spatial-Temporal Analysis of homicide in Bogotá was applied to 51 focal points of crime. The results show the predominance of spatial-environmental factors in the occurrence of homicide, backed by variables of the theory of disorder, territoriality, routine activity and the defendable space. As a consequence, the physical conditions seem to have facilitated the occurrence of crime and the perception of the potential murderer who is about to the commit one. These findings have enabled us to obtain empirical evidence for the development of strategies for the situational prevention of crime, and in particular, design defendable spaces, based on the implementation of differential multi-dimensional actions in the territory.

Space-time analysis of theft from persons in Pereira (2019-2021). An approach to the theory of environmental munificence for crime

“…This study is situated in the field of environmental criminology (Vozmediano & Sanjuán, 2010). The research question is approached from the interpretative framework of the association between the spatial and environmental context in the occurrence of a particular crime such as theft (Norza Céspedes et al, 2018). Environmental criminology critically reviews the configuration of illegal activities based on their concrete spatial relationship (Brantingham & Brantingham, 1993).…”

“…Several studies using environmental criminology found that this approach provides a general understanding of a criminal phenomenon. For example, Norza Céspedes et al (2018), found that spatial-environmental variables were the most determinant when analyzing homicides in Bogotá, Colombia. Sánchez and Serrano (2019), on the other hand, found that the criminal dynamics of a neighborhood in Alicante, Spain, were associated with the dynamics of occupation and land use, such that the most vulnerable sectors of the neighborhood historically concentrated the highest number of reported crimes.…”

Territorialidades e Contexto Urbano nos Estudos sobre a Relação Pessoa-Ambiente: Revisão Integrativa de Literatura

“…Para mostrar em que medida a modificação ambiental reduz a realização de determinados crimes, o conceito de territorialidade é definido como ações realizadas por grupo ou por uma pessoa para defesa de um determinado espaço a partir da demarcação de fronteiras físicas ou simbólicas (Céspedes, Vargas Espinosa, Avendaño Prieto, Rincón, & Ospino, 2018). Em um estudo sobre a relação das territorialidades com o tráfico de drogas, o conceito foi apresentado como expressão espacial de poder, a partir da relação do uso e domínio do território, com a apropriação de espaços físicos e simbólicos úteis para reforçar identidades, delimitar fronteiras e legitimar o uso da força para a coação (Rodriguez, Ferreira, & Arruda, 2011).…”