ObjectiveBehçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis with inflammatory lesions mediated by cytotoxic T cells and neutrophils. Apremilast, an orally available small‐molecule drug that selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), has been recently approved for the treatment of BD. We aimed to investigate the effect of PDE4 inhibition on neutrophil activation in BD.MethodsWe studied surface markers and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by flow cytometry, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) production and molecular signature of neutrophils by transcriptome analysis before and after PDE4 inhibition.ResultsActivation surface markers (CD64, CD66b, CD11b, and CD11c), ROS production, and NETosis were up‐regulated in BD patient neutrophils compared to healthy donor neutrophils. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1,021 significantly dysregulated neutrophil genes between BD patients and healthy donors. Among dysregulated genes, we found a substantial enrichment for pathways linked to innate immunity, intracellular signaling, and chemotaxis in BD. Skin lesions of BD patients showed increased infiltration of neutrophils that colocalized with PDE4. Inhibition of PDE4 by apremilast strongly inhibited neutrophil surface activation markers as well as ROS production, NETosis, and genes and pathways related to innate immunity, intracellular signaling, and chemotaxis.ConclusionWe highlight key biologic effects of apremilast on neutrophils in BD.
Cet article apporte des éléments d’éclairage sur les liens entre science et développement territorial. Pour un territoire, en particulier métropolitain, une stratégie de développement économique incluant les activités scientifiques passe par deux objectifs : un objectif de rayonnement scientifique international ( RSI ), et un objectif de fertilisation locale ( FL ). Après un examen des différentes combinaisons RSI-FL envisageables, nous testons empiriquement l’une des configurations identifiées, la coexistence RSI-FL , à partir d’un double cas d’étude : celui des sites de Brest (France) et Bergen (Norvège) dans le domaine des sciences marines. Trois méthodes sont mises en œuvre successivement : deux méthodes mixtes comparatives (bibliométrie spatialisée et enquête par entretiens) et une modélisation input-output régionalisée. Les différents résultats sont mis en perspective afin d’estimer dans quelle mesure le RSI peut exister et se développer tout en nourrissant la FL , et quelles en sont les conditions favorables, ou à l’inverse les freins.
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