Bacterial leaf blight disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is an important rice disease in Indonesia, including in South East Sulawesi. The use of resistant varieties is one of the effective and environmentally friendly control strategies to suppress the disease. This study aimed to determine the level of resistance of some local rice varieties of South and Southeast Sulawesi against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae pathotypes IV, VIII and X. The study was conducted in a screen house involving 3 bacterial pathotypes and 11 local rice cultivars. Shearing method was used for inoculation of bacteria to leaf on vegetative and generative phases. Disease incidences were measured 3 weeks after inoculation, and the data was further used to determine the level of resistance of the tested rice cultivars. The results showed that incubation period of the disease was longer on Kelaca cultivar compared to other cultivars. On vegetative phase, this cultivar showed moderate resistant to pathotypes IV and X, and highly resistant to patotype VIII, whereas on the generative phase it showed moderate resistant to pathotypes IV and VII, and highly resistant to pathotype X. Therefore, Kelaca cultivar can be recommended for endemic areas of leaf blight in South and Southeast Sulawesi

Kualitas minyak goreng dipengaruhi oleh kadar air dari minyak tersebut, sehingga dalam proses pembuatan minyak perlu mengeluarkannya. Kadar air yang tinggi akan mengakibatkan cepat tengiknya minyak goreng. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji metode pemisahan skim dan krim santan kelaoa pada proses produksi minyak goreng. Terdapat tiga metode pemisahan santan yang dilakukan meliputi metode A pemisahan skim dan krim santan dengan pemanasan pada suhu 65oC selama 25 menit, metode B pemisahan skim dan krim santan pada suhu 28oC selama 180 menit, dan metode C pemisahan skim dan krim santan dengan penambahan air panas suhu 100oC selama 30 menit. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa perlakuan pemisahan skim dan krim santan suhu 65oC selama 25 menit menghasilkan rendemen minyak tertinggi adalah 21,16%, kadar air terendah 0,07%, dan kadar asam lemak bebas 0,04%. Hal ini masih sesuai dengan standar SNI 01-3555-1998 untuk minyak goreng kelapa. Selain itu, untuk total asam lemak khususnya asam laurat dan total fenol masing–masing sebesar 46,86% dan 14,82 mg GAE/100.

Sorghum is a multipurpose food crop commodity. One of the benefits is by utilizing the stalks which contain sweet juice which can be processed into liquid sugar. This processed product in the form of liquid sugar from the sweet sorghum plant has the potential to meet the needs of the healthy sugar industry in the future. This study aims to determine the production of sweet sorghum plant liquid sugar in the first ratoon harvest. The research was arranged in the form of a completely randomized factorial design. The first factor consisted of two levels, namely Numbu Varieties and Super 1 Varieties. The second factor consisted of three levels, namely the storage time of sorghum stalks for 0, 3, and 6 days. The results showed that the best treatment was found in the treatment of sorghum stalks of the Numbu variety which were stored for 3 days with 35.4% yield of juice, liquid sugar with 44.01% reduced sugar content, 77.25% liquid sugar Brix content, and 3 flavor organoleptic results, taste 3.81 (like), aroma 3.50 (like), and color 3.72 (like).

<em>Pantoea stewartii</em> subsp. <em>stewartii</em> is a pathogen that causes Stewart wilt on maize. This disease is important in maize. Infection early in growth can cause yield losses of up to 100%. This review examines the history, recent developments, economic impacts and developments of detection technology of Stewart wilt diseases. This paper was created by reviewing several articles relevant to the purpose of the topic. The article's results revealed that the pathogen underwent many changes, including its name, taxonomy, physiological abilities, status as an important pathogen in many countries and the development of detection technology. Currently, <em>P. stewartii</em> subsp. <em>stewartii</em> belongs to the Erwiniaceae family and has physiological abilities that can be distinguished from bacteria of the same genus and species. This pathogen has been reported to spread to more than 82 countries, including Indonesia, with 18 host plants. Some areas have reported pathogens in Indonesia, but no vector has been written. The biggest economic threat caused by this disease is the industrial production of corn seeds which require strict phytosanitary requirements and are free from pathogens. To anticipate its spread, there are four methods of detection of pathogenic bacteria that are commonly used, but serological and molecular detection technologies are the main recommendations.