Acanthus ilicifolius L. leaf is extensively used in the Indian and Chinese medicine systems to treat diabetes mellitus. In this study, the antidiabetic effect of vitexin isolated from A.ilicifolius leaf extract and their effect on GLUT-4 translocation and PPAR-γ expression was evaluated high-fat diet-streptozotocinocin (HFD-STZ) induced rats. In vitro antidiabetic effect of vitexin was investigated through glucose uptake activity in L6 (rat skeletal muscle) cell lines. Vitexin (10 and 20 mg/kg BW was administered orally to HFD-STZ-induced diabetic rats for 48 days. The effect of vitexin on body weight, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, total protein, urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes was examined. GLUT-4 translocation and PPAR-γ expression were studied in the skeletal muscle and adipocytes of experimental rats. The interaction of vitexin with GLUT-4 and PPAR-γ was validated by molecular docking analysis. Vitexin significantly lowered the blood glucose and also normalized other biochemical parameters. Further, the treatment with vitexin up-regulates the mRNA expression of GLUT-4 and PPAR-γ in diabetic rats. In silico analysis also supports the promising interactions between vitexin and target proteins. These results explained that vitexin up-regulates the mRNA expression of GLUT-4 and PPAR-γ and enhanced the translocation of GLUT-4 which maintains glucose homeostasis. Thus vitexin can be a gold promising drug for type II diabetes mellitus in the future.

Currently, there is a great demand for the development of nanomedicine aided wound tissue regeneration via silver doped nanoceuticals. Unfortunately, very little research is being carried out on antioxidants-doped silver nanometals and their interaction on the signaling axis during the bio-interface mechanism. In this study, c-phycocyanin primed silver nano hybrids (AgcPCNP) were prepared and analyzed for properties such as cytotoxicity, metal decay, nanoconjugate stability, size expansion, and antioxidant features. Fluctuations in the expression of marker genes during cell migration phenomena in in vitro wound healing scenarios were also validated. Studies revealed that physiologically relevant ionic solutions did not exhibit any adverse effects on the nanoconjugate stability. However, acidic, alkali, and ethanol solutions completely denatured the AgcPCNP conjugates. Signal transduction RT2PCR array demonstrated that genes associated with NFĸB- and PI3K-pathways were significantly (p < 0.5%) altered between AgcPCNP and AgNP groups. Specific inhibitors of NFĸB (Nfi) and PI3K (LY294002) pathways confirmed the involvement of NFĸB signaling axes. In vitro wound healing assay demonstrated that NFĸB pathway plays a prime role in the fibroblast cell migration. In conclusion, the present investigation revealed that surface functionalized AgcPCNP accelerated the fibroblast cell migration and can be further explored for wound healing biomedical applications.