Pain management is an important aspect of patient care and nurses play a significant role in providing pain assessment and management. Non-pharmacological pain management refers to interventions that do not involve the use of medications to treat pain. They found to be effective with less side effects and complications.This study aimed to determine the effect of in-service training program on nurses' performance towards Non-Pharmacological Pain Management among orthopedic patients in El-Hadra hospital. A quasi-experimental design was conducted on fifty orthopedic nurses that were divided into two equal groups as study and control. Three tools were used data collection: Tool I: demographic data assessment sheet, Tool II: Nurses' knowledge regarding non-pharmacological pain relieves methods questionnaire, and Tool III: Nurses' Performance towards Non-Pharmacological Pain Management assessment sheet. Results of the present study revealed that: The difference was highly statistically significant as regard the nurses' knowledge and their level of performance toward non-pharmacological pain management either within the study group nurses or between the control and study groups nurses post the in surface training program. Conclusion and recommendation, the use of non -pharmacological methods is the most effective way for relieving orthopedic procedural pain. Therefore, it is important to conduct this study.

Bronchial asthma is a syndrome characterized by airflow obstruction; Dyspnea and fatigue are the most disabling symptoms in asthma and the trigger point of physical inactivity with a consequent lower standard of quality of life. Acupressure is one of important non-pharmacological modalities which leads to reduction of asthma symptoms and ultimately enhances asthma control. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acupressure sessions on dyspnea and fatigue among patients with bronchial asthma. Research design: A quasi experimental research design was conducted on sixty patients with bronchial asthma who were admitted to the Chest inpatient Unit of Alexandria Main University Hospital. Three tools were used for data collection: Tool I: Patients with bronchial asthma assessment. Tool II: Dyspnea Assessment questionnaire. Tool III: Fatigue Assessment questionnaire. Results of the present study revealed that there were significant differences between control and study group patients related to their grade of dyspnea and fatigue severity after application of acupressure sessions. Conclusion: acupressure may be effective as an adjuvant therapy to the traditional management for patients with bronchial asthma to improve dyspnea and fatigue syndromes. Recommendations of this study include, illustrated self-administered acupressure intervention booklets distributed to patients with bronchial asthma, could be of help, additionally, development and implementation of acupressure training program for nurses, about acupressure are advocated.

Context: All healthcare attendees, including staff, patients, and visitors, were to wear universal masks when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 as a global pandemic in March 2020. Objective: Assess physiological burdens of prolonged use of surgical face masks among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic era. Settings: The study was conducted at

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