Importance in selecting the right NSAID in a clinical settingThe question arises as to why it is necessary to choose a particular NSAID when all have similar pharmacological profile? The answer is that their safety, tolerability, and efficacy differ in clinical situations. Aspirin has dominated the pharmaceutical market for more than 50 years ever since its synthesis in 1899 and physicians have no other choice but to go for it. 11,12 The scenario had only started changing in the early 1950s when other NSAIDs started hitting the drug stores and the question of choosing a particular drug started getting importance. NSAIDs presently are the most widely used drugs in medicine and their annual sales in the world are more than 6billion dollars. 13 Presently, more than 100 NSAIDs have been tested clinically and more than 50 are there in the world market. 13,14 Nearly 35 million people are taking them on daily basis and FDA has ranked them the

Peptic ulcer is an important public health problem affecting about 10% of the world's population. The treatment of this disease is usually long, expensive and less accessibility and affordability of the modern medications by the poor local population. Peptic ulcer represents about 31.65% of cases of consultation in the gastroenterology services in Cameroon. The constraints to have medication have diverted poor patients to rely on traditional medicine for their health problems. The objective of this study was to identify the major classes of secondary metabolites to evaluate in vivo the anti-ulcer activity of the aqueous extracts of Ficus. thonningii on Wistar rats. The experimental model used to induce the gastric ulcers was absolute ethanol 100%. Thirty rats were used for the preventive and curative activity respectively represented in six groups: one group without treatment, three pretreated groups with the extract at (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg), a group receiving a pretreatment with the reference drug omeprazole (20 mg/kg) and another receiving a pretreatment with distilled water (control). Antacid activity was investigated through the determination of the FDA minimal buffer capacity. The phytochemical screening of the extract of the bark showed the presence of the saponins, quinones, coumarins, catechic tannins, phlobotanins, anthocyanin, polyphenols, flavonoïds and betacyanes. Investigation of the in vitro antacid activity of F. thonningii Blume stem bark hydro-ethanolic extract showed that the plant did not possess antacid activity with a 1.18 ± 0.11 minimum buffer capacities after 10 minutes of exposure. In the preventive anti-ulcer study, the percentage protection of the mucous membrane was of 29.80% with 125 mg/kg, 44.27% with 250 mg/kg and 81.18% with 500 mg/kg. This study showed that the hydroethanolic extract of the mixture of the dried bark of Ficus thonningii Blume had a promising gastro-protective activity both preventively and curatively and at 500 mg/kg. The administration of this extract at concentration up to 2000 mg/kg could have a potential effect of vascular protection and hepatic protection.

Background With the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) appears �10% amongst ART-initiators in many developing countries, including Cameroon. Northwest region-Cameroon having the second epidemiological burden of HIV infection, generating data on PDR in these geographical settings, will enhance evidence-based decision-making. Objectives We sought to ascertain levels of PDR and HIV-1 clade dispersal in rural and urban settings, and their potential association with subtype distribution and CD4-staging. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2017 among patients recently diagnosed with HIV-infection and initiating ART at the Bamenda regional Hospital (urban setting) and the Mbingo Baptist hospital (rural setting). Protease and reverse transcriptase sequencing was performed using an in-house protocol and pre-treatment drug resistance mutations were interpreted using Stanford HIVdb.v8.3. Phylogeny was performed for subtype assignation.

Orthodox medical practice depends greatly on the use of high throughput (HTP) pure pharmaceutical new chemical entities, with a purity that can easily be evaluated and whose efficacy and toxicity can show a dose-dependent, clear structure-activity relationships (SAR). On the contrary, natural products contain mixtures of natural bioactive metabolites that have not undergone any chemical analyses and whose mechanism of action is not known. Medicinal mushrooms have been used throughout the history of mankind for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. Nowadays they have been intensively studied and generated research interest in an attempt to reveal the chemical nature and mechanisms of action of their bioactive molecules. Targeted treatment of diseases, non-harmful for healthy tissues, has become a major objective in recent times and metabolites of fungal origin provide a vast reservoir of potential new chemical entities. There are many examples of mushrooms common for use globally that demonstrate the complex nature of their pharmaceutical potential This review paper attempts to show that some aspects of fungotherapy of the disease have been well studied. We also give an insight into the role of mushroom metabolites for treatment of diseases types that are especially susceptible to the fungal treatments.

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