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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder described via an excessive blood glucose degree. Vitex negundo leaves extract phytochemicals to have the extremely good capability of healing diabetes. Vitex negundo belongs to the family Verbenaceae found in almost all parts of Asian countries, V. negundo leaf extract has a significant impact on glycoprotein metabolism. The phytochemical extracts of the leafcontain many other antidiabetic compounds like Friedelin, carotene, B-Pinene, Linalool, Camphor, and Nerolidol. In the present report, we have discussed the geographical distribution, different phytochemicals present in the plant, and their therapeutic uses. An herbal approach is highly needed to treat diabetes to minimize the adverse effect of allopathic medicine. Further studies are needed to find the potential target of diabetes and to convert the antidiabetic potential of Vitex negundo into the form of an herbal drug.

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The 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR) is the key enzyme of mevalonate pathway in plants. A partial genomic DNA fragment encoding HMGR conserved domain (denoted as AbHMGR) is isolated from Aconitum balfourii Stapf. It comprises 871 bp encoding 290 amino acids. In silico analysis reveals that it had extensive similarities to other plant HMGR gene. Domain analysis of AbHMGR showed two highly conserved NADPH and HMG CoA domains. Docking study predicted inhibitor, substrate and cofactor binding sites in the protein. Expression analysis revealed that AbHMGR is similarly expressed in all tested tissues with differential pattern. The highest expression was found in leaf tissue. However, fold expression in root and shoot tissue was almost similar. Enzyme activity of HMGR was found to be much higher in leaf tissue as compared to other tissues. The highest aconitine content (0.015 %) was obtained in root tissues. Our data laid a foundation for further investigation of HMGR role in Aconitum balfourii. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13205-016-0405-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.