It has been suggested that proteasome system has a role in initiation, progression, and complication stages of atherosclerosis. Although there is still controversy, there has been no research that compares the expression of proteasome in tissue and serum at each of these stages. This study aimed to investigated the expression of proteasome at different stages of atherosclerosis using rat model. We measured the expression of aortic proteasome by immunohistochemical analyses and were then analyzed using ImageJ software for percentage of area and integrated density. We used Photoshop version 3.0 to analyze aortic proteasome expression as a comparison. We measured serum proteasome expression by enzyme linked immunosorbents assays. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare mean value of percentage of area and serum proteasome. Analysis of variance test was used to compare mean value of integrated density. Correlation test between vascular proteasome expression and serum proteasome expression was made using Spearman test. A P-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Compared with normal, percentage of area was higher in initiation, progression, and complication. Compared with normal, integrated density was higher in initiation and further higher in progression and complication. Data from Image J is similar with data from Photoshop. Serum proteasome expression was higher in initiation compared with normal, and further higher in progression and complication. It was concluded that there were different vascular proteasome expression and serum proteasome expression at the stages of atherosclerosis. These results may be used in research into new marker and therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.

AbstrakStatus gizi merupakan salah satu indikator kesehatan anak. Masa lima tahun (masa balita) adalah periode penting dimana anak membutuhkan kecukupan gizi untuk menunjang pertumbuhan fisiknya. Anak bergantung pada ibu yang berperan dalam pengasuhan dan perawatan anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan pola asuh ibu dengan status gizi balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Belimbing. Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan desain cross-sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 163 ibu dengan 163 anak berumur 12-60 bulan. Ibu sebagai responden, diwawancarai langsung dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Status gizi balita diukur dengan indikator berat badan/tinggi badan dan diinterpretasikan berdasarkan klasifikasi status gizi WHO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 84,7% balita memiliki status gizi normal dan 15,3% balita memiliki status gizi kurang. Pola asuh berdasarkan pola asuh makan terbanyak pada kategori sedang yaitu 40,5%, berdasarkan pola asuh kesehatan terbanyak pada kategori baik sebanyak 44,8% dan pola asuh psikososial terbanyak pada kategori sedang sebanyak 78,5%. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh makan dan pola asuh kesehatan dengan status gizi (p=0,014; p=0,006). Pola asuh psikososial tidak terdapat adanya hubungan signifikan dengan status gizi (p=0,842). Kesimpulan studi ini menyarankan kepada ibu-ibu agar memperhatikan asupan makan serta perawatan kesehatan anak. Ibu juga seharusnya membawa anak secara rutin ke posyandu atau pelayanan kesehatan terdekat.Kata kunci: pola asuh, status gizi, balita AbstractNutritional status is one of child’s health indicator. The first five year of children life is the important period whereby child needs proper nutrition to support the growth. In order to fulfill this, as a caregiver for the children, every mother has an important role. The objective of this study was to determine the association care practices to nutritional status in children.This study was cross sectional on 163 mothers from 163 children whose age were 12-60 months old. Care practices was measured by interviewed mother by using questionnaire and nutritional status was measured by using body weight/body height according to WHO growth chart. The study showed that 84,7% children were normal nutritional status and 15,3% children were underweight. The study also found that 40,5% children with moderate care for feeding, 44,8% with good care for health and 78,5% with moderate care for psychosocial. There was significant association between care for nutrition and care for health with child nutritional status (p=0,014; p=0,006) and there was no significant association between care for psychosocial with child nutritional status (p=0,842). The conclusion suggest  the mothers have to pay attention with food intake and child health care. Mothers should take their children regularly to public health center. Keywords: care practices, nutritional status, children

BACKGROUND: There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy worldwide, and variable availability of vitamin D-rich foods may affect the adequacy of vitamin D food intake in different regions. AIM: We analysed the relationship between place of residence and maternal food intake of vitamin D and calcium in West Sumatra, Indonesia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 203 pregnant women. Data collection was carried out in four districts in West Sumatra – two in coastal locations and two in mountainous locations – with subjects divided into groups based on their place of residence. The dietary intakes of pregnant women were assessed through a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). RESULTS: The means of maternal vitamin D and calcium food intake were 7.92 ± 5.26 µg/day and 784.88 ± 409.77 mg/day, respectively. There were no reports of vitamin D supplement intake during pregnancy. A total of 86.7% and 89.7% of the study subjects had low vitamin D and calcium food intake status, respectively. There was a significant association between maternal vitamin D intake and place of residence (p = 0.02) and significant different mean levels of vitamin D food intake with the place of residence (9.04 vs 6.55 µg/day; p = 0.01). Mothers who had higher education levels had adequate calcium food intake (p = 0.015; OR: 0.295; 0.116–0.751). CONCLUSION: Low maternal vitamin D and calcium food intake were found to be common in West Sumatra, Indonesia and their differed between those residents in mountainous and in coastal areas.

AbstrakPemberian rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn) diharapkan melindung hepar tikus dari kerusakkan akibat stres oksidatif pada keracunan karbon tetraklorida (CCl4). Senyawa yang sering dijadikan petunjuk adanya kerusakan tersebut adalah malondialdehid (MDA). Rosella mengandung vitamin C, flavonoid, polifenol dan beta karoten. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan pengaruh pemberian ekstrak rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn) terhadap MDA dan aktivitas katalase tikus yang terpapar CCl4. Ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan desain Post test Only Control Group Design. Sampel 24 ekor tikus Strain Wistar berumur 2-3 bulan, berat 150-200 gr. Sampel diambil secara acak dan dibagi 4 kelompok terdiri dari kelompok kontrol negatif, kontrol positif (CCl4), perlakuan 1 (CCl4 dan ekstrak rosella 250 mg/kg bb) dan perlakuan 2 (CCl4 dan ekstrak rosella 500 mg/kg bb). Pemberian CCl4 secara oral dosis tunggal, setelah 24 jam kemudian diberi ekstrak rosella secara oral selama 14 hari. Data dianalisis dengan uji Anova, tingkat kepercayaan 95%.Pemberian ekstrak rosella secara statistik didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan rerata kadar MDA dan katalase antar kelompok (p < 0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak rosella dapat menurunkan kadar MDA dan meningkatkan aktivitas katalase tikus yang terpapar CCl4. Kata kunci: karbon tetraklorida, MDA, katalase, rosella AbstractAdministering roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn) is expected to protect rat liver from damage caused by oxidative stress in CCl4 poisoning. Rosella contains vitamin C, flavonoids, polyphenol and beta carotene. Compounds which was often used as marker of the damage caused by free radicals wa MDA. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of extracts of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn) on MDA and catalase activity of rats exposed to CCl4. Experimental research design with Post test Only Control Group Design. Samples of 24 male Wistar Strain ratswere 2-3 months old. weighing 150-200 gr. Samples were taken at random and divided into 4 groups consisting of a negative control group, positive control (CCl4), treatment 1 (CCl4 and roselle extract 250 mg / kg bw) and treatment 2 (CCl4 and roselle extract 500 mg / kg bw). CCl4 was given a single dose orally, after 24 hours, the subjects were given rosella extract orally for 14 days. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with a confidence level of 95%. Rosella extract obtained statistically significant differences of MDA and catalase levels among groups (p <0.05). It can be concluded that the rosella extract can reduce levels of MDA and increase the activity of catalase mice exposed to CCl4. From the research it can be concluded that the rosella extract can reduce levels of MDA and increas the activity of catalase mice exposed to CCl4. It is needed further research on the toxicity of extracts of rosella and organ damage caused.

AbstrakPenyakit kardiovaskuler merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu secara global. Salah satu penyakit kardiovaskuler itu adalah Sindrom Koroner Akut (SKA) yang merupakan keadaan gawat darurat dari Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK). Salah satu faktor risiko SKA adalah perubahan dari kadar fraksi lipid yaitu kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL, kolesterol HDL, dan trigliserida yang dikaitkan dengan pembentukan plak aterosklerosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran profil lipid pada pasien SKA di rumah sakit khusus jantung Sumatera Barat tahun 2011-2012. Telah dilakukan penelitian deskriptif dengan bentuk cross sectional study dan pendekatan retrospective menggunakan data rekam medik mengenai hasil pemeriksaan profil lipid (kolesterol total, HDL, LDL, dan trigliserida) di rumah sakit khusus jantung Sumatera Barat untuk mengetahui gambaran profil lipid pada pasien SKA tahun 2011-2012. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan 98 kasus SKA. hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pasien SKA dengan kadar kolesterol total tinggi adalah 44 orang (44,9%) dan normal sebanyak 54 orang (55,1%), pasien SKA dengan kadar kolesterol HDL rendah adalah 63 orang (64,3%) dan normal sebanyak 35 orang (35,6%), pasien SKA dengan kadar kolesterol LDL tinggi adalah 44 orang (44,9%) dan normal sebanyak 54 orang (55,1%), dan pasien SKA dengan kadar trigliserida tinggi adalah 21 orang (21,4%) dan normal sebanyak 77 orang (78,6%). Kejadian SKA terbanyak adalah STEMI sebanyak 51 kasus (52%), kemudian NSTEMI sebanyak 24 kasus (24,5%) dan yang paling sedikit adalah angina pektoris tak stabil sebanyak 23 kasus (23,5%) frekuensi umur terbanyak dari pasien SKA adalah 40-59 tahun, jenis kelamin terbanyak dari pasien SKA adalah laki-laki sekitar 74,5%. Penelitian menunjukkan jumlah bahwa pasien SKA yang memiliki kadar kolesterol total yang tinggi lebih sedikit daripada yang normal, kadar kolesterol HDL yang rendah lebih banyak daripada yang normal, kadar kolesterol LDL yang tinggi lebih sedikit daripada yang normal, kadar trigliserida yang tinggi lebih sedikit daripada yang normal, kasus SKA terbanya Kata kunci: Sindrom Koroner Akut, kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL, kolesterol HDL, trigliserida AbstractCardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death globally. One of the cardiovascular disease is Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) which is a state of emergency from Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). One of the risk factors for ACS is a change in the levels of lipid fractions such as total cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol and triglycerides which are associated with the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. This study aims to determine description of lipid profile in patients with acute coronary syndrome at the heart hospital of west sumatera 2011-2012. Descriptive research has been conducted with a a cross-sectional study and a retrospective approach using medical record about the result of lipid profile test (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides) at the heart hospital of West Sumatera to describe the lipid profile in patients with ACS i...