The stones removed from 273 patients (220 males, 53 females) with bladder stones and 27 patients with urethral stones (males) were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. Of these stones 50.0% contained magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP), 39.9% calcium (oxalate and/or phosphate), 9.4% uric acid (urate), and 0.7% cystine. The disorders associated with bladder stones were prostatic hyperplasia and cancer (47.8%), neurogenic bladder (11.8%), urethral stricture (3.6%) and so on in males, and neurogenic bladder (48.1%), after operation of uterus (29.0%), bladder cancer (5.7%) and so on in females. Urinary infections were complications in 59.3% of patients with MAP stones, 41.2% with urate stones and 20.0% with calcium stones. The most often isolated bacteria from the infected urine were of the Proteus species.

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Seven hundred patients with 735 urinary calculi were studied for the compositions of calculi by infrared analysis and for stone recurrence. Of these 700 cases, 422 cases were possible to follow up, and 250 cases have had no further stone; 138 cases experienced recurring stones, and 34 cases had multiple stones. The length of follow-up period was 1–19 years averaging 8 years, 8 months. 41.2% of patients with calcium oxalate-calcium phosphate calculi had stones recurrently, and although there was some variation of recurrence rates for patients with various proportions of oxalate to phosphate in the calculi, it was impossible to predict the tendency of recurrence by these proportions. The stone recurrence was noted in 38.6% of patients with magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi, in 38.9% with mixed magnesium ammonium phosphate-calcium oxalate calculi, in 55.6% with uric acid calculi, and in 50% with cystine calculi.

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